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Introduction: Post-traumatic headache (PTH), a common type of headache secondary to traumatic brain injury (TBI) or whiplash, carries a relevant burden on patients. PTH is still an undertreated condition because of limited pharmacological treatment options. Therefore, multimodal non-pharmacologic approaches, which account for comorbidities and biopsychosocial factors, are often used in PTH patients. Areas covered: After providing a brief overview of PTH, a systematic review was conducted, according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) recommendations on recently published (2015–2020) papers on non-pharmacological interventions for PTH. We also collected data on ongoing trials on this topic. Studies and results are reviewed and discussed. Expert opinion: PTH is one of the most common complications of TBI and accounts for almost 4% of symptomatic headache disorders. The most common clinical presentations of PTH are migraine-like or tension type (TTH)-like headache, neck pain, cognitive complaints, and psychological/psychiatric symptoms. Growing evidence suggests that combined pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions, encompassing noninvasive neuromodulation, physical therapy, cognitive-behavioral treatment, and education, may be the best approaches for PTH and related comorbidities. Acute/preemptive pharmacological treatments for PTH include drugs used for migraine and TTH. When PTH management is multidisciplinary, the patient benefits most. © 2021 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group. |
