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The current study examines the sprint mechanical and kinematic characteristics between national female track and field champions (NC) and lower-level female competitors (LL). Sixteen female athletes (8 National Champions, 8 Lower-level competitors) participated in this investigation. The testing procedures consisted of two maximal 30-m sprints. The velocity-time data, captured by three high-speed cameras, was used to calculate the variables of the horizontal F-v profile (theoretical maximal values of force [F0], velocity [V0], power [Pmax], the proportion of the theoretical maximal effectiveness of force application in the antero-posterior direction [RFmax], the rate of decrease in the ratio of horizontal force [DRF]) and essential kinematics characteristics. The NC female athletes showed higher values for Pmax (t = 3.26, p = 0.006), V0 (t = 6.27, p = 0.000) and RFmax (t = 2.58, p = 0.022) compared to LL female competitors. No statistical differences were observed for F0 (t = 1.027, p = 0.32) and DRF (t = 0.917, p = 0.375). Mean running velocity, step frequency and contact time were higher in all but one (0-5 m) 5-m distance intervals of the 30-m sprint. No differences were found in the mean step length, relative step length and flight time in the intervals (0-5, 5-10, 10-15, 15-20, 20-25, and 25-30 m). The faster female athletes in our study demonstrated the capacity to reach superior running velocities, develop larger horizontal forces at higher velocities, apply more effectively the force on the ground in the acceleration phase, show higher values of step frequencies and spent less time in contact with the ground than slower athletes. © 2021, Editura Universitatii din Pitesti. All rights reserved. |
