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At the hill of Agios Symeon, on the island of Kea, Aegean Sea, Greece, ancient metallurgical slags with a high Pb-Zn-Cu content have been found. Thermodynamic simulations have been carried out, using the FactSage™ thermodynamic database computing system, with a view to understanding the ancient metallurgical processes that produced the observed slag compositions and morphologies. The simulations demonstrate that the slag samples resulted from Cu-making processes. It would thus appear that mixed ores were used, containing Cu2S-FeS-PbS with significant amounts of sphalerite (ZnS) as impurity. The roasted ores were reduced at relatively high oxygen potentials at ∼1125°C to form Cu containing low levels of Pb, Fe and Zn. © 2014 University of Oxford. |
