INSTITUTIONAL FORMATION OF THE EURASIAN UNION

Autor: Štelcar, Iris
Přispěvatelé: Hojnik, Janja
Jazyk: slovinština
Rok vydání: 2016
Předmět:
Zdroj: Maribor
Popis: Diplomsko delo obravnava Evrazijsko unijo kot mednarodno organizacijo, ustanovljeno z namenom sodelovanja med nacionalnimi gospodarstvi držav članic, ki zagotavlja prosti pretok blaga, storitev, kapitala in delovne sile. Članstvo državam članicam zagotavlja ohranitev njihove suverenosti in enakovredno obravnavanje ter od njih zahteva uskladitev politik na vseh področjih sodelovanja. Nastala je 29. maja 2014, s Pogodbo o vzpostavitvi Evrazijske unije, ki so jo podpisali predsedniki Rusije, Belorusije in Kazahstana, vendar je s svojim delovanjem pričela šele 1. januarja 2015. Poleg omenjenih držav podpisnic ustanovne pogodbe sta njeni državi članici še Armenija in Kirgizistan. Čeprav je organizacija relativno mlada, se države med seboj zelo dobro poznajo, saj so v prejšnjem stoletju sestavljale Zvezo sovjetskih socialističnih republik. Evrazijska unija je zelo dobro razvita, saj so Rusija, Belorusija in Kazahstan že leta 2010 vzpostavile skupno carinsko tarifo in odpravile mejne kontrole, leta 2012 so vzpostavile enotno gospodarsko območje in ustanovile Evrazijsko ekonomsko Komisijo, sestavljeno iz Sveta Komisije in Upravnega odbora Komisije, ki skrbi za delovanje in razvoj organizacije. V diplomskem delu izpostavljam tudi ostale institucije Evrazijske unije, in sicer Vrhovni evrazijski ekonomski Svet, Evrazijski medvladni Svet in Sodišče Evrazijske unije, ki delujejo v okviru pristojnosti, dodeljenih s strani Pogodbe o vzpostavitvi Evrazijske unije in mednarodnih pogodb Evrazijske unije. Že na podlagi podobnega poimenovanja institucij kot v Evropski uniji lahko ugotovimo, da je omenjena organizacija služila kot model pri ustanovitvi Evrazijske unije, zato v diplomskem delu primerjam značilnosti in pravne akte obeh unij. Kljub uspešnemu začetku in dejstvu, da je Evrazijska unija največja proizvajalka nafte in zemeljskega plina na svetu ter pomembna proizvajalka jekla in električne energije, prihodnost Evrazijske unije naj ne bi bila tako svetla. Njena slaba stran je velika razlika v gospodarstvih držav članic, kar dokazuje dejstvo, da je gospodarstvo Evrazijske unije v veliki večini odvisno od ruskega gospodarstva. Naslednja slabost, na katero namiguje veliko nasprotnikov Evrazijske unije, je, da ne gre za ekonomsko povezavo držav, ampak za politično, saj naj bi pri njeni ustanovitvi šlo za željo Rusije po ponovnem oblikovanju Sovjetske zveze, kar ruski predsednik Vladimir Putin, zanika. Diplomsko delo zaključujem z zastavljenimi cilji Evrazijske unije, ki jih bodo države članice skušale doseči v prihodnosti in s preverjanjem tez, ki sem si ju postavila pred začetkom raziskovanja problema diplomskega dela. The thesis deals with Eurasian Union as an international organization which was established with the purpose of cooperation between the national economies of its Member States and ensures the free movement of goods, services, capital and labour. The membership provides preservation of sovereignty and equal treatment for Member States, but also requires harmonisation of policies in all areas of cooperation. Eurasian Union was formed on May 29, 2014 with the Treaty on the Eurasian Economic Union, which was signed by the presidents of Russia, Belarus and Kazahstan, but officially started operating on January 1, 2015. Its Member States are beside the above mentioned countries also Armenia and Kyrgyzstan. Although the organization is still relatively young, the countries know each other very well because they formed the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics in 20th century. Eurasian Union is very well developed due to establishment of common customs tariff and abolition of border controls in 2010. A single economic space was established in 2012, when also a Eurasian Economic Commission was formed. It consists of a Council of the Commission and Board of the Commission, which are responsible for the activity and development of the organisation. In the thesis, I also focus on other institutions of the Eurasian Union, namely the Supreme Eurasian Economic Council, Eurasian Intergovernmental Council and the Court of the Eurasian Union, which are working within the powers granted by the Treaty on the Eurasian Economic Union and the international treaties of the Eurasian Union. Due to similarity regarding names of institutions as in the European Union, we may determine that the mentioned organization served as a model for the establishment of Eurasian Union. Therefore, in the thesis I compare the characteristics and legal acts of both - the Eurasian and the European Union. Despite the successful start and the fact that the Eurasian Union is the largest producer of oil and natural gas in the world and an important producer of steel and electricity, it seems that the future of Eurasian Union is not so bright. Its weakness presents the big difference in the economy of Member States, proved by the fact that the economy of Eurasian Union depends primarily on the Russian economy. The next weakness, exposed by many opponents of the Eurasian Union, is that the Member States are less economically but more politically integrated, because its establishment was based on Russia's desire to restate the Soviet Union. The President of Russia, Vladimir Putin, denies such allegation. The thesis concludes with the stated objectives of the Eurasian Union which the Member States will seek to achieve in the future, and by checking thesis which I have set before the beginning of research into the problem of the thesis.
Databáze: OpenAIRE
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