| Popis: |
V doktorski disertaciji obravnavamo virtualne organizacije, njihovo virtualno organiziranost in organizacijsko učinkovitost. Pojem virtualna organiziranost je v literaturi sicer prisoten že nekaj desetletij, a se je šele v zadnjih letih prepoznal kot nastajajoča paradigma nove organizacijske oblike z novimi konkurenčnimi prednostmi. Ta drugačna organiziranost se sicer pojavlja že zaradi sprememb v okolju in vedno večje uporabe sodobnih informacijskih in komunikacijskih tehnologij, a so predvsem naprednejše multinacionalne korporacije kmalu ugotovile, da je smiselno načrtno uvajanje virtualne organiziranosti v njihove organizacije. To nakazuje, da so virtualno organizirane organizacije tudi bolj učinkovite, a za to doslej ni bilo mogoče najti nikakršnega dokaza. V literaturi namreč kritično primanjkuje empiričnih raziskav in analiz virtualne organiziranosti dejanskih organizacij. Raziskovalci pogosto ugotavljajo, da je premalo konkretnih raziskav, ki bi potrjevale nakazana dejstva. V teoretičnem delu disertacije smo prikazali obstoječe modele za ocenjevanje stopnje virtualne organiziranosti, ki smo jih uspeli najti v dostopni literaturi. Modele smo podrobno predstavili, nato pa jih tudi analizirali in medsebojno primerjali. Poudarili smo njihove glavne prednosti in slabosti. Ker nismo našli modela za ocenjevanje stopnje virtualne organiziranosti, ki bi omogočal zanesljivo in ponovljivo merjenje stopnje virtualne organiziranosti poljubne organizacije, ki bi razvrstil organizacije v več razredov glede na izmerjeno stopnjo in po možnosti še grafično prikazal rezultate, smo razvili nov model za ocenjevanje stopnje virtualne organiziranosti, model rastočih stebrov, ki ima vse želene lastnosti. Model smo natančno predstavili v analitičnem delu disertacije in dodali vsa potrebna orodja in navodila, ki vsakemu raziskovalcu omogočajo merjenje stopnje virtualne organiziranosti poljubne organizacije. Izdelali smo empirično raziskavo, katere rezultate smo prikazali v analitičnem delu doktorske disertacije. V raziskavo smo vključili 100 podjetij iz Evropske unije, ki so v vzorcu enakomerno porazdeljena glede na zastopanost po treh različnih parametrih: po državi, po industrijski panogi in glede na velikost. Vsako izbrano podjetje (oziroma eno od dveh nadomestnih) je izpolnilo spletni anketni vprašalnik. Z odgovori smo razporejali podjetja glede na posamezne elemente doseganja stopnje virtualne organiziranosti in posamezne sorodne elemente organizacijske učinkovitosti. S statistično analizo smo na osnovi vzorca nesporno potrdili, da so bolj virtualno organizirane organizacije tudi bolj učinkovite. V nadaljevanju smo zaključili, da na stopnjo virtualne organiziranosti vplivajo velikost podjetja, obseg prometa podjetja, gospodarska panoga, v kateri deluje, in tudi ekonomski kazalnik HDI (Human Development Index). Nasprotno pa na stopnjo virtualne organiziranosti ne vpliva BDP države, iz katere izhaja in tudi ne, ali podjetje izhaja iz tako imenovane stare ali nove članice Evropske unije. In this doctoral dissertation, virtual organizations, their organizational virtuality and their organizational effectiveness are investigated. The term “virtual organization” has existed in the literature for several decades, but has only recently been recognized as an emerging paradigm of new organizational forms with new competitive advantages. This different type of organization emerged due to changes in the environment and the increased use of modern information and communication technologies, but it was advanced multi-national corporations that soon discovered that it makes sense to systematically introduce organizational virtuality into their organization. This suggests that virtual organizations are more effectively organized, but thus far it has not been possible to find adequate evidence to prove so. Specifically there is a critical shortage of empirical research and analysis of organizational virtuality of actual organizations in the literature. Researchers often state that there is not enough empirical research to confirm their ideas. In the theoretical part of the dissertation, we present existing models for the assessment of organizational virtuality found in available literature. The models are presented in detail, analyzed and compared with each other. We highlighted their main advantages and weaknesses. Since we did not find a model for assessment of organizational virtuality level that would enable reliable and repeatable measurement of the level of organizational virtuality in any organization, which would classify the organization in several categories according to the assessed level and possibly graphically display the results, we have developed a new model for the assessment of organizational virtuality, the Growing Pillars model, which has all the desired properties. We present the model in detail in the analytical part of the dissertation and have included all the necessary tools and instructions that enable researchers to accurately measure the level or organizational virtuality of any organization. We have performed an empirical study, with the results shown in the analytical part of this dissertation. The research included 100 companies from the European Union, which were evenly distributed in the sample according to the representation of three different parameters: by country, by industry sector and by size. Each selected company (or one of two backup alternatives) completed an online questionnaire. Based on the responses, we distributed enterprises regarding assessed levels of specific elements of organization virtuality and related elements of organizational effectiveness. With a statistical analysis of the sample, we clearly confirmed that organizations with higher levels of organizational virtuality are in fact also more effective. In addition, we have concluded that the level of an organizational virtuality is also influenced by company size, revenue, industry and HDI (Human Development Index). In contrast, the level of an organizational virtuality is not affected by its country's GDP, or whether the company originates in a so-called old or new member of the European Union. |
