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Izhodišča, namen: Volumetrična kapnografija predstavlja merjenje mrtvega prostora v pljučih. Mrtvi prostor predstavlja tisti del pljuč in dihalne poti, ki ne sodeluje pri izločanju ogljikovega dioksida in kaže na neučinkovitost ventilacije. Obstaja več načinov računanja mrtvega prostora. V zaključnem delu smo svojo pozornost usmerili v analizo načinov merjenja mrtvega prostora. Predstavili smo metodo po Bohru in metodo po Fowlerju. Raziskovalne metode: Uporabili smo deskriptivno metodo raziskovanja. Na podlagi pregleda literature smo zbrali referenčne vrednosti VD – Bohr, VD – Fowler in VD – threshold in vrednosti, ki so značilne za bolnike ter jih nato primerjali z vrednostmi, ki smo jih izmerili na vzorcu desetih zdravih preiskovancev. Nato smo opravili statistični test enega vzorca in ugotavljali, ali so izmerjene vrednosti statistično značilne glede na referenčne vrednosti zdrave populacije. Rezultati: Ugotovili smo, da izmerjene vrednosti VD – Bohr, VD – Fowler in VD – threshold preiskovancev ustrezajo vrednostim zdrave populacije. Diskusija in zaključek: Pri odpovedi dihal je izmerjen fiziološki mrtvi prostor najpomembnejši dejavnik, ki narekuje dihalno ustreznost. Številne študije so pokazale pomembnost teh meritev pri spremljanju bolezni kritično bolnih in pokazale, da je stopnja smrtnosti pri bolnikih s višjimi vrednostmi večja kot pri bolnikih z nižjimi vrednostmi. Ugotovili smo, da se vrednosti mrtvega prostora pri vseh analiziranih metodah razlikujejo med bolniki in zdravo populacijo. Theoretical background: Volumetric capnography represents the measurement of dead space in the lungs. Dead space is that part of the lungs and airways that do not participate in the elimination of carbon dioxide and indicate ineffectiveness of ventilation. There are several ways to calculate dead space. In the thesis, we focused our attention on the analysis of the methods of measuring dead space. We presented the Bohr method and the Fowler method. Method: We used the descriptive method of research. Based on the literature review, we collected the reference values of VD – Bohr, VD – Fowler and VD – threshold and patient - specific values, and then compared them with the values we measured on a sample of ten healthy people. We performed a single sample test to determine whether the measured values were statistically significant relative to the reference healthy population. Results: We have found that the measured values showed statistical significance for the healthy population. The measured values of VD – Bohr, VD – Fowler in VD – threshold were also statistically significant. Discussion: In respiratory failure, the measured physiological dead space is the most important factor that dictates respiratory suitability. Numerous studies have shown the importance of these measurements in the monitoring of the illness critically ill and have shown that the rate of mortality in patients with impaired values is higher than in patients with lower values. We have found that the values of dead space in all analyzed methods differ between patients and a healthy population. |
