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Mala in srednja podjetja so v letu 2014 ustvarila 54 % celotne dodane vrednosti in zagotovila 261 tisoč delovnih mest. Pri poslovanju se MSP srečujejo s pomanjkanjem finančnih sredstev, zlasti za razvoj in inovacije. Iz podatkov BS je razvidno zavračanje kreditnih vlog pri bankah zaradi nestrinjanja stranke s pogoji (32,1) in slabe bonitete (22,9%). V danih okoliščinah vlada RS načrtuje finančne podpore za MSP do leta 2020 v višini 276 mio EUR na področju inovacij, raziskav in razvoja. Pri MSP je še vedno največji problem visoka zadolženost, saj je finančni vzvod v letu 2014 znašal kar 168 %. V letu 2014 je delež finančnih obveznosti do bank od vseh obveznosti znašal pri MSP 53%, pri velikih pa 66%. To pomeni, da je dostop MSP do zunanjih virov financiranja še vedno otežen. V obdobju 2009 do 2015 so stabilnejša podjetja posegala tudi po posojilih v tujini, zaradi nižje obrestne mere. Zato se je promet najetih kreditov v tujini povečal kar za 55 %, v primerjavi z domačim trgom, kjer so se znižala posojila kar za 50 %. Promet lizing hiš pa je v letu 2014 znašal 1.014,20 mio EUR, kar je za 22 % manj v primerjavi z letom 2013. Na zmanjšanje lizing pogodb so delno vplivali tudi stečajni postopki podjetij. V primerjavi z letom 2013 so narasli kar na 38%, zato so lizing hiše še bolj pazljive pri odobritvi posla. Iz podatkov iz leta 2014 je mogoče razbrati, da so se MSP v največji meri financirala s privarčevanimi sredstvi, bančnimi krediti, lizingom, odkupom terjatev in faktoringom ter s prekoračitvijo na transakcijskem računu. Finančna sredstva pa so v letu 2014 namenila za tekoče poslovanje, investicije, prestrukturiranje dolga, raziskave in razvoj ter za širitev na drugi trg. Navedenih finančnih sredstev se MSP poslužujejo, ker so v primerjavi z evropskimi sredstvi bolj dostopna. Za pridobitev evropskih sredstev je potrebno imeti izdelan kvaliteten poslovni načrt, uspešno poslovanje in dobro bonitetno oceno. Žal pa je še kar nekaj MSP, ki tem pogojem ne zadostijo. Rešitev bi bila, da bi se pogoji pri pridobivanju evropskih sredstev znižali in tako omogočili MSP lažji dostop do evropskih sredstev In 2014, small and medium-sized enterprises accounted for 54% overall added value and they secured 261 000 jobs. The operation of SMEs is affected by the lack of finances, especially in the fields of development and innovation. Information from the Bank of Slovenia shows that banks reject credit applications due to the customer's disagreement with terms (32,1%) and due to bad credit history (22,9%). In the given circumstances, the Government of the Republic of Slovenia plans financial support for SMEs by the year 2020 in the amount of €276 million in the fields of innovation, research and development. The biggest problem for SMEs is still high indebtedness, since financial leverage amounted to 168% in 2014. In 2014, share of the financial obligations to the banks by SMEs amounted to 53%, and that of the big enterprisess 66%. That means that access to external sources of financing is still difficult for SMEs. From 2009 to 2015, the more stable enterprises also got loans from foreign banks because of the lower interest rates. As a result, credits abroad increased by 55% in comparison to the domestic market, where loans decreased by 50%. In 2014, the traffic of the leasing companies amounted to €1.014,20 million, which is 22% less in comparison with the year 2013. The reduction in leasing contracts was partly affected by the insolvency proceedings of some enterprises. In comaprision to 2013, they increased to 38%, therefore the leasing companies were even more careful when approving business. Thea data from 2014 indicates that SMEs were mainly financed by savings, bank loans, leasing, factoring and by bank overdrafts. In 2014, financial resources were made available fot operational costs, investments, debt restructuring, research, development and for expansion into other markets. SMEs take advantage of the financial resources mentioned here because they are more accessible than European resources. To obtain European funds, enterprises need a high quality bussiness plan, they must have viability and a good credit rating. Unfortunately, there are still many SMEs which do not comply with these terms. The solution would be an alleviation of the conditions fot acquiring European resources, which would enable easier access to those European resources for SMEs. |
