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Poglavitni cilj tega raziskovalnega dela je bila analiza vloge industrijskega sektorja v gospodarstvu, še zlasti v času gospodarske krize. Z metodo pregleda literature smo spoznali različne teorije njenega nastanka, predstavili pa smo tudi genezo gospodarske krize iz leta 2008. Proučili smo inštrumente industrijske politike za oživitev gospodarstva kakor tudi za dosego dolgoročnega razvoja. Predstavili smo alternativni vidik sprejemanja krize, temelječ na Schumpetrovi teoriji, in sicer kot priložnost za prestrukturiranje gospodarstva. Posvetili smo se tudi globalnim in strukturnim trendom v industriji. Potrdili smo tezo, da je industrijski sektor nujno potreben za uspešno delovanje storitvenega sektorja, zato se s slabšanjem razmer v industrijskem sektorju kažejo tudi težave v storitvenem sektorju. Delno smo potrdili tudi tezo, da je države z višjim deležem industrijskega sektorja aktualna gospodarska kriza manj prizadela kot države z nižjim deležem industrijskega sektorja. Analizirali smo tudi zakonitosti industrijskega sektorja in njegove povezave s storitvenim sektorjem v treh ključnih svetovnih gospodarstvih (Nemčiji, Kitajski in ZDA) ter Avstraliji kot predstavnici držav, bogatih z naravnimi viri, in Sloveniji kot predstavnici malega odprtega gospodarstva. The primary objective of this research was to analyze the role of industrial sector in the economy, especially in times of economic crisis. Using the method of literature review, we learn about the different theories of its occurrence and we also presented the genesis of the economic crisis of 2008. We also examine instruments of industrial policy for economic revival, as well to achieve long-term development. We have presented alterative aspect of adopting the crisis, based on the Schumpeterian theory, as an opportunity to restructure the economy and investigated global and structural trends in industry. We confirmed the thesis that industrial sector is essential for successful operation of service sector, so with deterioration of situation in industrial sector come problems in service sector. Partly confirmed was also the thesis that countries with the bigger share of industrial sector were less affected by the current economic crisis than those with smaller. We have analyzed properties of industrial sector and its interface with service sector in three main world economies (Germany, China and the USA), Australia, as representative of countries rich in natural resources and Slovenia, as representative of a small open economy. |
