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Razvoj informacijske tehnologije je veliki večini ljudi precej olajšal življenje. Elektronske (digitalne) naprave, pametni telefoni in še mnoge druge pametne elektronske naprave nas obdajajo na vsakem koraku. Še ne dolgo nazaj smo, na primer na banki večino stvari urejali osebno, na okencu, ali pa dokumente podpisovali osebno pri dotični osebi. Danes lahko vse opravimo od doma, iz naslonjača. Elektronsko bančništvo nam tako prihrani veliko časa, ki bi ga drugače zapravili za čakanje v vrsti, elektronski podpis pa tudi. Zaplete se, ko gre pri tem kaj narobe. Kraja osebnih podatkov ali zloraba elektronskega naslova, napad na informacijski sistem …, so samo nekateri primeri kaznivih dejanj, kjer imamo opravka z digitalnimi dokazi. Na prvi pogled, za laično javnost, zelo zanimivo področje, za preiskovalce pa sila zahtevno področje, saj si ne smejo privoščiti niti najmanjšega spodrsljaja, da dokazi pravno obstojijo tudi na sodišču. V času preiskave digitalne naprave mora preiskovalec slediti pravilom in načelom, od vseh pa je najpomembnejša revizijska sled, kar pomeni, da je dokumentiran prav vsak korak, ki ga preiskovalec opravi. Ravno zaradi tega je pomembno, da tak postopek opravi ustrezno usposobljena oseba, čeprav v Sloveniji ni povsem jasno določeno, kdo je lahko izvedenec digitalne forenzike, nenazadnje bi lahko tak postopek opravil tudi informatik. Pomembno je, da naravo digitalnih naprav in digitalnih dokazov poznajo tako policisti kot tudi sodniki, prvi se z digitalno napravo srečajo pri zasegu, drugi pa morajo znati postaviti prava vprašanja izvedencu, hkrati pa morajo znati pravilno presoditi, ali ima digitalni dokaz dokazno vrednost. V zavedanju pomembnosti digitalne forenzike se je postopoma spremenila tudi zakonodaja. V prihodnje pa lahko digitalna forenzika postane eden pomembnejših, če ne celo najpomembnejših, segmentov preiskovanja. Pravzaprav je to nekako tudi pričakovati glede na to, da informacijskemu napredku kar ni videti konca, kaznivim dejanjem pa tudi ne. V diplomskem delu smo preučevali stopnjo računalniške kriminalitete. Ugotovili smo, da stopnja računalniške kriminalitete raste, po drugi strani pa se na področju informatike in računalništva izobražuje vedno več policistov, čeprav število tovrstnih izobraževanj upada, finančna sredstva pa so usmerili v nakup nove policijske opreme in informacijske infrastrukture. Ugotovili smo tudi, da Slovenija dobro sodeluje v meddržavnih postopkih (primer Mariposa), vendar menimo, da bi bilo dobro dati priložnost tudi državam, ki niso članice Evropske unije, saj bi drugačni pristopi lahko pripeljali do boljših rezultatov v zvezi s tovrstno problematiko. The development of information technology has made our lifestyles much easier in a significant way. Electronic (digital) devices, smartphones and many other smart electronic devices are surrounding us on every step of our daily lives. Not too long ago, we had to do things differently, for example banking was done in person at the bank with a teller and documents were being signed in person with the authorized professional. Today everything can be done from the comfort of our homes. Electronic banking saves us a lot of time that we would otherwise spend waiting in lines, and it is the same with the electronic signature. The problems begin if there is a complication. The theft of personal data or the misuse of an electronic address, an attack of the information system …, these are only a few examples of felonies we face while dealing with digital evidence. At first glance this is a very interesting field for the public and a very complicated one for the investigators as they cannot afford even the slightest slip up in order to hold up their ground in court. Throughout the investigation, the investigator must follow the rules, the most important of which is the revision lead which means that every step made by the investigator is carefully documented. This is precisely why it is of crucial importance that these steps are undertaken by a qualified professional, even though it is not very clear in Slovenia who can act as a legal forensic investigator. In the end the process could be undertaken by an IT professional. It is important for the police and judges to be familiar with the nature of digital devices and digital evidence as they will come in contact with the evidence firstly through the confiscation of evidence and they also need to be able to ask the correct questions and make the judgment if the digital evidence has potential value. The law has changed in the awareness of the importance of digital evidence. In the future digital forensics can become one of the more important if not the most important segments of investigations. In a way this is to be expected since there seems to be no end to the technological development on one side and breaking the law on the other. In diploma we studied the levels of computer criminality and we have concluded that the levels of computer criminality are rising, but on the other hand more and more police officers are being educated in the field of IT technology and computers. Even though the numbers of this education type are falling, the financial means have been directed towards obtaining new police equipment and IT infrastructure. We have realized that Slovenia is part of the international procedures (the Mariposa example) but we feel that it would be good to give the opportunity to countries that are not part of the European Union, as this would contribute to better results when faced with this type of problematic. |
