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Kriminalističnotehnična obdelava kraja ogleda je ena izmed osnovnih dejavnosti oddelka za kriminalistično tehniko na Policijski upravi Novo mesto. ENFSI (European Network of Forensic Science Institutes) oz. Evropska mreža forenzičnih laboratorijev je organizacija, ki skrbi za razvoj forenzične stroke in v svojem priročniku Scenes of Crime Examination – Best Practice Manual podaja dobro prakso na področju dela ogleda kraja dejanja. Ta priročnik navaja, kako naj poteka kriminalističnotehnična obdelava kraja ogleda, da bo izpeljana strokovno, zakonito in učinkovito. Pred kriminalističnotehnično obdelavo morajo kriminalistični tehniki sestaviti strategijo kriminalističnotehnične obdelave kraja ogleda, ki je nekakšna osnova za delo. V njej določijo namen preiskave, vodjo ogleda, sledi, ki jih iščejo itd. Na kraju kriminalističnotehnične obdelave morajo kriminalistični tehniki skrbeti za lastno varnost, kar storijo tako, da v osnovi upoštevajo varnostne in zaščitne ukrepe – uporaba zaščitne opreme na ustrezen način, ocena varnostnih tveganj itd. Prav tako morajo kriminalistični tehniki skrbeti za minimaliziranje tveganja za kontaminacijo sledi, ki so na kraju obdelave. To storijo predvsem tako, da uporabljajo predpisano zaščitno opremo, da jo uporabljajo na ustrezen način ter skrbijo za ustrezno varovanje kraja ogleda (za to morajo poskrbeti že prvi policisti, ki so poklicani na kraj dejanja). Pred obdelavo kraja ogleda kriminalistični tehniki dokumentirajo prvotno stanje ogleda. To storijo z uporabo neinvazivnih tehnik (fotografiranje, video snemanje, skiciranje itd.). Sledi s kraja obdelave zavarujejo na ustrezen način in jih ponovno odpirajo le v kontroliranih okoljih – laboratorijih. Vse ugotovitve in zaznave s kraja obdelave in kasnejše obdelave sledi v laboratoriju kriminalistični tehniki zapišejo v poročilo o kriminalističnotehničnih ugotovitvah. Primeri dobrih praks ENFSI predvidevajo dokumentiranje in spremljanje dela kriminalističnih tehnikov od samega začetka do konca, kar pa pomeni tudi veliko več pisanja in načrtovanja. Analiza dela Oddelka za kriminalistično tehniko na Policijski upravi Novo mesto kaže na dobro usposobljenost kriminalističnih tehnikov, vendar možnost izboljšave na področju načrtovanja kriminalističnotehničnih obdelav krajev ogledov s pomočjo sestave strategij preiskovanja še obstajajo. The crime scene examination is one of the basic activities of the Forensic Section at the Police Directorate Novo mesto. ENFSI (European Network of Forensic Science Institutes) is an organization, whose main task is the development of forensic science. They have created the Scenes of Crime Examination – Best Practice Manual, which gives crime scene investigators examples of good practices at the crime scene examination. This manual acts as a guide on how to examine the crime scene professionally, legally and effectively. Criminal technicians must develop the scene examination strategy, which is a kind of basis for their work. In this strategy, they determine the purpose of the examination, who is going to oversee the crime scene examination, what traces are they looking for, etc. At the crime scene, criminal technicians must first take care of their own safety, they must take into account safety and protection measures – the adequate use of the safety equipment, security risk assessment, etc. They also have to make sure the trace contamination risks are minimal. Therefore, they must use safety equipment in an adequate way and make sure the crime scene is adequately secured (this is the basic task of the first responders). Before the crime scene examination properly begins, they must document the primary state of the crime scene. Non-invasive techniques (photography, video recording, sketching, etc.) are used for the documentation of the primary crime scene. Traces from the crime scene must be taken and secured properly and can be reopened only in a controlled environment – the laboratory. All findings are written in a report. According to ENFSI’s best practice manual, criminal technician’s work must be documented and monitored throughout the process, which means more writing and planning is needed. The analysis of the work at the Forensic Section of the Police Directorate Novo mesto showed good skills of criminal technicians, but there are still ways to improve their work – with developing scene examination strategy. |
