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Namen prispevka: Namen prispevka je predstaviti pojem ekološki terorizem ter problematiko razumevanja različnih definicij, ki ga opredeljujejo. Podobno kot pri pojmu terorizem se tudi pri ekološkem terorizmu, v nadaljevanju eko terorizem, soočimo z velikim številom definicij, ki eko terorizem opredeljujejo v treh oblikah, in sicer kot izraba okolja za teroriziranje, kot teroriziranje okolja ter kot taktiko radikalnih okoljevarstvenikov. Poleg tega skušamo v prispevku ugotoviti, ali je izraz eko terorizem primeren za označevanje aktivnosti radikalnih okoljevarstvenih skupin ali ne. Metode: Skozi analizo strokovne literature in intervjujev, opravljenih s slovenskimi strokovnjaki s področja ekologije, okoljske kriminalitete in terorizma, skušamo v članku predstaviti problematiko pojma eko terorizem. Ugotovitve: Preučevana tematika je kompleksna in široka ter preiskovalcem predstavlja nov izziv, saj se radikalni okoljevarstveniki povezujejo na način, ki se v določenih segmentih razlikuje od klasičnih terorističnih ali organiziranih kriminalnih skupin. Zaradi tega so v ZDA že sprejeli nekaj specifičnih zakonov, ki konkretno opredeljujejo in določajo zakonsko podlago za procesiranje dejanj eko terorizma, poleg tega pa si preiskovalci pri preiskovanju pomagajo tudi s klasičnimi orodji, kot so geografski informacijski sistem, orodje za določanje specifičnih tarč ter orodja za analizo povezav in analizo socialnih mrež. Omejitve/uporabnost raziskave Pojav eko terorizma v Sloveniji in Evropski uniji je redek, zato je bilo zapleteno najti primerne kompetentne sogovornike, ki bi poznali obravnavano problematiko. Praktična uporabnost: Uporabnost je v predstavitvi različnih definicij, ki opredeljujejo pojem eko terorizem, saj je tematika nova in neraziskana. Članek vsebuje osnove za nadaljnje raziskovanje obravnavane problematike. Izvirnost/pomembnost prispevka: Slovenska strokovna literatura s področja eko terorizma je dokaj redka. Članek prinaša vpogled v problematiko ter informacije in dilemo o tem, kaj točno pojem eko terorizem predstavlja. Purpose: Similar to the concept of terrorism, that of ecological terrorism (henceforth eco-terrorism) is captured in a large number of definitions differing in three ways: first, as a use of the environment as a means of terrorizing, second, as a way of terrorizing the environment, and third, as a tactic employed by radical environmentalists. By separating the two concepts, terrorism and environmental terrorism, these three types of definitions of eco-terrorism can be divided between the two concepts, so that the concept of eco-terrorism relates to actions by radical environmentalists. Design/Methods/Approach: Numerous scientific articles have been analysed, and interviews with experts in the fields of ecology, environmental crime, and terrorism have been carried out. Findings: The topic at hand is complex and broad, representing a new challenge to the investigators because radical environmentalists form networks in a way which, in certain segments or aspects, differs from that of terrorist or organized-crime groups. As a result, the U.S. has already adopted a number of specific laws that concretely define and stipulate the legal grounds for processing acts of eco-terrorism. In addition, the investigators can also apply different conventional tools and methods, such as the geographic information system, a tool for the identification of specific targets, links analysis tools, and social networks analyzing tools. Research Limitations / Implications: Cases of eco-terrorism in Slovenia and the EU are rare, so it was difficult to find suitable competent interlocutors to know the issues under discussion. Practical Implications: The article presents various definitions of the concept of eco-terrorism, as the topic is relatively new and unexplored. It provides a starting point for further exploration of the issues addressed. Originality/Value: Slovenian literature in the field of eco-terrorism is scarce. This paper provides insight into the problems and thereto-related information while shedding light on the dilemma what exactly constitutes the concept of eco-terrorism. |
