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Teoretična izhodišča: Uporaba glasbe v terapevtske namene je neinvazivna intervencija, ki v bolnišničnem okolju lahko ugodno vpliva na pacientovo psihofizično stanje, vendar ni uveljavljena v vsakdanji obravnavi perioperativnih pacientov. Zato smo se odločili na podlagi sistematičnega pregleda literature raziskati uporabo in učinkovitost glasbene terapije na doživljanje bolečine ali stresa pri pacientih, hospitaliziranih v enotah intenzivne terapije. Raziskovalna metodologija in metode: Izvedli smo sistematični pregled znanstvene literature v mednarodnih podatkovnih bazah: PubMed, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, ScienceDirect, Wiley Online Library. Pri tem smo upoštevali vključitvene in izključitvene kriterije. Potek pregleda literature smo prikazali s pomočjo diagrama PRISMA. Posamične raziskave, ki so vključene v končno analizo, smo kritično ocenili s pomočjo orodja SIGN. Rezultate smo sintentizirali z uporabo metode vsebinske analize. Rezultati: Izmed 749 raziskav identificiranih zadetkov smo v končno analizo vključili 13 člankov, od tega 12 randomiziranih kliničnih raziskav in 1 sistematični pregled randomiziranih kliničnih raziskav. Glasbena terapija je zelo uporabna metoda, saj so raziskave dokazale njeno učinkovitost pri lajšanju bolečin, poglobitvi sedacije, uravnavanju fizioloških parametrov ter zmanjšanju strahu in anksioznosti pri hospitaliziranih pacientih v enotah intenzivne terapije. Diskusija in zaključek: Glasbena terapija je primerna intervencija za obvladovanje bolečine in stresa v medsebojnem dopolnjevanju s farmakološkimi ukrepi. Potrebne so nadaljnje raziskave, saj primanjkuje dokazov o optimalnem trajanju glasbene terapije za doseganje najboljših rezultatov. Theoretical basis: The use of music for therapeutic purposes is a non-invasive intervention, which can have a beneficial effect on the patient's psychophysical condition but has not been established in the daily performance of perioperative patients yet. By conducting systematic literature review, we decided to explore the use and effectiveness of music therapy on reducing pain or stress in patients hospitalized in intensive care units. Methodology: We conducted a systematic review of scientific literature in international databases: PubMed, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, ScienceDirect, Wiley Online Library. We took into account inclusion and exclusion criteria and the PRISMA guidelines. Studies included in the final analysis were critically evaluated using the SIGN tool. The results were synthesized using the content analysis method. Results: From 749 identified hits, 13 articles were included in the final analysis, of which 12 were randomised clinical trials and one systematic review of randomized clinical trial. Music therapy is a very useful method, since research has shown its effectiveness in relieving pain, leading to deeper levels of sedation, regulating physiological parameters and reducing fear and anxiety in hospitalized patients in the intensive care units. Discussion and conclusion: Music therapy, which complements pharmalogical measures is an appropriate intervention for managing pain and stress. Further research is needed, as there is lack of evidence on optimal duration of music therapy for achieving the best results. |
