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Teoretično ozadje: V magistrskem delu smo preučevali indikatorje duševnega zdravja. Med negativne komponente duševnega zdravja spadajo depresija, anksioznost in stres. Prav tako smo vključili teorijo o samomoru, kvaliteti življenja in dobrem počutju ter o prestajanju kazni zapora. Namen: Podrobna seznanitev in preučitev epidemioloških značilnosti in medsebojnega vpliva več dejavnikov (depresija, anksioznost, stres, samomorilno vedenje, kvaliteta življenja in psihološko blagostanje) med zaprtimi osebami. Metoda: Magistrsko delo je del projekta z naslovom Zaprte osebe v Sloveniji: kvaliteta življenja, samomorilno vedenje in druga tvegana vedenja, ki ga izvajajo Inštitut Andrej Marušič, Slovenski center za raziskovanje samomora, Univerzitetni klinični center Maribor in Uprava Republike Slovenije za izvrševanje kazenskih sankcij. Pri izvajanju študije so sodelovali študenti psihologije in biopsihologije, ki so nam pomagali pri pridobivanju vzorca. K sodelovanju v raziskavi so bile povabljene vse zaprte osebe v izbranih zaporih, odzvalo se jih je 222. Iz testne baterije smo za magistrsko delo uporabili vprašalnike DASS, PSS, WHOQOL-BREF in WHO-5. Za obdelavo podatkov smo uporabili program IBM SPSS Statistics 22.0 in z omenjenimi vprašalniki testirali različne demografske in druge dejavnike. Rezultati: Ugotovili smo, da obstaja povezava med diagnozo duševne/telesne bolezni, ki je bila postavljena pred ali med prestajanjem kazni, in samomorilnim vedenjem zaprtih oseb. Izračunali smo, da obstaja povezava med socialno mrežo v segmentih, ki zajemajo pogostost stikov z družinskimi člani pred in med prestajanjem kazni zapora, željo po več stikih z osebami izven zapora, zakonski stan, če zaprte osebe živijo skupaj s partnerji in, če imajo zaprte osebe otroke, in komponentami duševnega zdravja zaprtih oseb. Prav tako smo ugotovili, da velikost zavoda za prestajanje kazni zapora ne vpliva na samomorilno vedenje in komponente duševnega zdravja zaprtih oseb. Z analizo smo ugotovili, da čas, preživet v okviru zaporne kazni, vpliva na zaznavo kvalitete življenja in da čas, preživet v okviru zaporne kazni, ne vpliva na zaznavo psihološkega blagostanja. Dokazali smo, da depresija, ki spada med komponente duševnega zdravja, vpliva na samomorilno vedenje zaprtih oseb in da kvaliteta življenja ter psihološko blagostanje zaprtih oseb vplivata na komponente duševnega zdravja zaprtih oseb. Zaključek: Študija Indikatorji duševnega zdravja med zaprtimi osebami je primer, kako kvantitativno raziskovanje omogoča pregled stanja in novih spoznanj na področju penologije. Theoretical background: This master's thesis discusses mental health indicators. Depression, anxiety and stress belong to negative components that influence an individual’s mental health state. This thesis also incorporates the suicide theory, the theory on quality of life and well-being, as well as the theory on serving sentence in prison. Purpose: A detailed familiarization and examination of epidemiological characteristics and reciprocal influence of multiple factors (depression, anxiety, stress, suicidal behavior, quality of life and psychological well-being) among prison population. Method: This master's thesis is a part of the project entitled Prison population in Slovenia: quality of life, suicidal behavior and other hazardous behaviors, implemented by Andrej Marušič Institute, Slovene Center for Suicide Research, University Medical Centre Maribor and Prison Administration of the Republic of Slovenia. The study was performed in collaboration with students of psychology and bio-psychology who helped us obtain the sample. The invitation to participate in the research was addressed to all prisoners in chosen prisons and 222 responded positively. The data for the thesis were obtained with DASS, PSS, WHOQOL-BREF and WHO-5 questionnaires and processed with IBM SPSS Statistics 22.0 program. These questionnaires were used to test various demographic and other factors. Results: Out findings suggest that there is a connection between the mental/physical disorder diagnosed before or while serving a prison sentence and suicidal behavior of prison population. We have also established a connection between the segments of social network that relate to the frequency of contact with family members before and while serving a prison sentence, a desire for more social interaction with people outside the prison, marital status, the fact weather a prisoner lived with a partner and if he has children, as well as mental health components of prison population. We have established that the size of a prison does not have any effect on suicidal behavior and mental health components of prison population. The analysis of the results indicated that the time spent in prison does influence the perception of the quality of life, but on the other hand, the time spent serving a prison sentence does not have effect on the perception of psychological well-being. We have proven that depression - as one of mental health components - does affect suicidal behavior of prison population and that the quality of life, as well as the psychological well-being of prison population do influence mental health components of prison population. Conclusion: The Mental Health Indicators of Prison Population study is an example of how a quantitative research can provide an overview of the situation and new findings in penology. |
