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V vsakdanjem življenju uporaba garažnih hiš narašča, kar povečuje možnost in pogostost poškodb na vozilu v času parkiranja v garažni hiši. Pri tem se postavlja vprašanje, kakšna je odškodninska odgovornost garažne hiše za poškodbe na vozilu. Tudi teorija in sodna praksa tega vprašanja ne obravnavata pogosto. V diplomskem delu se bomo zato ukvarjali z odškodninsko odgovornostjo javnih garažnih hiš. Cilj je tudi raziskati pravno naravo pogodbenega razmerja, ki nastane med uporabnikom in garažno hišo v času parkiranja, in ugotoviti, katera pravna pravila prihajajo v poštev za urejanje tega problema v primeru, ko stranki nista natančno opredelili medsebojne pravice in obveznosti. Za določitev odškodninske odgovornosti garažne hiše je pomembno, kakšna je pravna narava tega razmerja. V poštev prihajajo predvsem tipska pravila shranjevalne, skladiščne in najemne pogodbe ter pravila o gostinski hrambi. Pravna teorija se v večini primerov ne strinja z uporabo pravil najemne pogodbe za omenjeno pravno razmerje, medtem ko je v sodni praksi dopustna. Po njej bo garažna hiša odgovarjala za škodo na vozilu po splošnih pravilih o poslovni odškodninski odgovornosti. Po najemni pogodbi garažna hiša nima obveznosti varovanja vozila in je zato zanjo to najugodnejša pogodba. Teorija sicer najbolj zastopa stališče, da je med strankama sklenjena shranjevalna pogodba, ki pa je za garažno hišo manj ugodna, saj bo odgovarjala po pravilih o poslovni odškodninski odgovornosti. Pri uporabi pravil iz skladiščne pogodbe bi bilo vozilo pod strokovno oskrbo, kar pomeni, da so za garažno hišo najmanj ugodna, vendar jih teorija in sodna praksa za to pravno razmerje ne omenjata. Če bi se ta pravila uporabljala, bi bila garažna hiša po njih objektivno odškodninsko odgovorna. Obligacijski zakonik v 746. členu razširja smiselno uporabo določb o gostinski hrambi tudi na garaže. V primeru smiselne uporabe pravnih pravil o gostinski hrambi bi bila ta ugodna za obe stranki. V primeru, ko bo garažna hiša objektivno odgovarjala za škodo na vozilu, bo njena odškodninska odgovornost omejena do določenega zneska. Če pa bo garažna hiša ali oseba za katero garažna hiša odgovarja, ravnala krivdno, bo odgovarjala za popolno odškodnino. In everyday life the usage of parking garages is rising, which elevates the risk and frequency of damage on the vehicle during the stay in the parking garage. That poses a question what is the tort liability of the parking garage. Theory and judicial practice do not deal with this question often. That is why we are going to discuss damage accountability of public parking garages. Our goal is to research the legal nature of contractual relation between the user and the parking garage and to find out which rules are related to this problem in case when clients have not specifically defined mutual rights and obligations. To determine damage liability of the parking garage it is important to know the legal nature of this relationship. Rules related to this are mostly those regarding storage, warehouse and lease contracts and rules of innkeeper bailment. Legal theory mostly does not agree with the usage of rules of the lease contract for the aforementioned legal relation while it is acceptable in judicial practice. It means that the parking garage is responsible for the damage on the vehicle according to the general rules of business tort liability. Lease contract assures the parking garage that it does not have any obligations to protect the vehicle. Therefore, this is the most favourable offer for the parking garage. Theory argues that clients have entered into a storage contract which is less favourable for the parking garage as it follows the rules of business tort liability. If we followed the rules from the warehouse contract, it would mean that the vehicle is under professional care, which is the least favourable for parking garage. However, theory and judicial practice do not mention this for this legal relation. If these rules were used, the parking garage would be objectively liable for damages. Code of Obligations in the article 746 expands reasonable usage of provisions about innkeeper bailment also on parking garages. In case of the reasonable usage of these legal rules that will be favourable for both clients. In case the parking garage is objectively held accountable for the damage on the vehicle, damage liability is limited by a predetermined sum. If the parking garage or a person for which the parking garage is accountable for does something guilty, it will be responsible to pay full restitution. |
