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V zadnjem času se v Evropi, pa tudi drugod po svetu, vse pogosteje srečujemo s problemom radikalizacije, ki vodi v nasilni ekstremizem in terorizem. Kot protiutež omenjenim problemom so strokovnjaki in akademiki pričeli z razvijanjem različnih protiukrepov, kot sta odvrnitev in deradikalizacija. Pri odvrnitvi gre za proces spreminjanja vedenja, v smislu odvrnitve posameznika od uporabe nasilja za dosego svojih ciljev. Pri deradikalizaciji pa gre za še bolj zahteven proces miselnih sprememb, sprememb posameznikovega sistema prepričanj in sistema vrednot, zavrnitev ekstremnih ideologij in hkrati za sprejemanje novih, družbeno sprejemljivih vrednot (Bertram, 2015). Z »neterorističnega« vidika je proces odvrnitve videti kot pomembnejši dejavnik od deradikalizacije. Nekateri so mnenja, da je posameznikovo vedenje tisto, ki zavrača uporabo nasilja za dosego nekih ciljev. Pa vendar, če posameznik ne gre skozi proces deradikalizacije, ni zagotovila, da je ob spremembi vedenja spremenil tudi svoja prepričanja in stališča. Če oseba teh ne spremni, je tveganje za ponovno radikalno, nasilno dejanje toliko večje (Striegher, 2013). Gre torej za izjemno kompleksna procesa, ki zahtevata večdeležniški, multiagencijski pristop, tako vladnih kot tudi nevladnih organizacij. Med pomembnejšimi akterji je tudi probacija, ki odigra pomembno vlogo predvsem v pripravi (še ne) deradikaliziranega posameznika nazaj v lokalno okolje po prestani kazni. Probacijsko in zaporsko okolje bi morali vse svoje znanje, mehanizme in ideje usmeriti v preprečevanje radikalizacije znotraj zaporov ter v uspešno izvedbo rehabilitacije, resocializacije in na koncu tudi reintegracije. Lately in Europe, as elsewhere in the world, we are increasingly facing the problem of radicalization which leads to violent extremism and terrorism. As a counterpoint to the scale of these problems, experts and academics have begun with the development of different remedies such as disengagement and deradicalization. Disengagement is a process of changing someone’s behavior, in terms of averting the individuals from the use of violence to achieve their goals. Deradicalization is even a more demanding process of thinking changes, changing one's system of beliefs and system of values, rejecting the extreme ideologies and at the same time accepting new, socially acceptable values (Bertram, 2015). From the non-terrorism point of view, the process of disengagement seems to be a much more important factor than deradicalization. Some believe that a person's behaviour is the one that rejects the use of violence to achieve their goals. However, if the individual does not go through the process of deradicalization, there is no guarantee that with the behavioural change, also their beliefs and views are going to change simultaneously. If the person is not accompanying these, the risk for re-radical and violent action is higher (Striegher, 2013). It is thus an extremely complex process, which requires more-participants, multi-agency approach of both – governmental and non-governmental stakeholders. Among these important stakeholders there is also Probation Service, which plays an important role mainly in the preparation of a (not yet) de-radicalized individual back to local communities after the completion of sentence. To sum up, probation and prison practitioners should use all their ideas, knowledge and tools to prevent radicalization inside prisons and start a successful implementation of the rehabilitation, resocialization and finally reintegration. |
