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Izvršilni postopek definiramo kot tisto procesno delovanje, ki naj ob pomoči državnih prisilnih sredstev med dolžnikom in upnikom vzpostavi takšno zunanje stanje, kakršno ima upnik pravico zahtevati na podlagi izvršilnega naslova, oziroma omogoči izterjavo upnikove terjatve. V diplomski nalogi bo predstavljen izvršilni postopek, ki ga v Sloveniji ureja Zakon o izvršbi in zavarovanju (ZIZ). Zakon in celoten izvršilni postopek bo precej podrobno predstavljen zaradi lažjega razumevanja tematike. Bistvo naloge in to kar nas je pritegnilo k pisanju, pa je predstaviti položaj upnika in dolžnika v izvršilnem postopku. Eden temeljnih interesov dolžnika v takšnem postopku je ohranitev dostojnega življenja, upnikov interes pa čimprejšnje poplačilo dolga. Ob pravico do učinkovitega sodnega varstva v konkretnih situacijah izvršbe tako trči pravica do osebnega dostojanstva v tesni povezavi s pravico do socialne varnosti. Predvsem je to vprašanje še toliko bolj pereče, ko gre za izterjavo bagatelnih zneskov. Tako v laični kot tudi v strokovni javnosti je v zadnjem obdobju veliko odzivov sprožil primer Vaskrsić, kjer je bila dolžniku v postopku izvršbe odvzeta nepremičnina zaradi izterjave zelo nizkega zneska. Z dovoljenjem Okrožnega sodišča v Ljubljani in kasneje še Okrajnega sodišča v Litiji smo pridobili pravico do vpogleda v celoten spis o tej zadevi. V diplomskem delu smo primer podrobno razčlenili in med drugim ugotovili, da trenutno veljaven zakon v Sloveniji dovolj ščiti interese tako upnika kot tudi dolžnika v postopku civilne izvršbe. Execution proceedings are defined as the procedural act which should with the help of the state's measures of compulsion establish such an external state between the debtor and the executing creditor, which the creditor has the right to claim on the basis of an executive instrument, or which enables the enforcement of the creditor's claim. This diploma thesis will present the execution proceedings which in Slovenia are regulated by the Law on Execution and the Interim Protection of Claims. In order to make the understanding of the topic clearer, this above-mentioned law and the entire execution proceedings will be described in detail. The basis of the thesis, and the reason we decided to write about the topic, is to present the positions of the debtor and the creditor in the execution proceedings. One of the fundamental interests of the debtor in such proceedings is to maintain a decent life, whereas the creditor's interest is an expeditious discharge of debt. It thus comes to the situations where the right to effective judicial protection in specific execution proceedings collides with the right to personal dignity which is closely connected to the right to social security. This tends to be an even more pressing issue when the execution of small claims is in question. There has been a lot of reaction from the lay as well as the professional public to the Vaskrsić case, in which the debtor's immovable property was confiscated in execution proceedings due to the recovery of a very small sum of money. By permission of the District Court of Ljubljana and the Local Court of Litija, complete access to the file about the matter was acquired. In the thesis, the case will be investigated in detail and conclusions on the question whether the applicable law in Slovenia protects the interests of the creditor as well as the debtor sufficiently in civil enforcement proceedings will be introduced. |
