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Teoretična izhodišča: Z zdravo in uravnoteženo prehrano skrbimo za dobro prehranjenost dobro psiho – fizično stanje starostnika. Zaradi telesnih in presnovnih sprememb v starosti, se spremenijo tudi prehranjevalne navade. Zmanjša se število obrokov dnevne prehrane in s tem kakovost prehrane, vnos hranilnih snovi in količina zaužite tekočine. Vse te spremembe se lahko kažejo kot nedohranjenost ali debelost. Nezadostno uživanje tekočin pa lahko privede do dehidracije starostnika. Namen diplomskega dela je opisati prehranjevalne navade starostnikov ter predstaviti smernice zdravega prehranjevanja. Raziskovalne metode: Uporabljena je bilo deskriptivna metoda dela z analizo študije literature in kvantitativna raziskava. Podatke za raziskavo smo pridobili z pomočjo anonimnega anketnega vprašalnika, sestavljenega iz 12 vprašanj zaprtega tipa. Sodelovalo je 50 naključno izbranih članov Društva upokojencev Cirkovce. Dobljene podatke smo grafično ponazorili z programom Microsoft Excel in tekstovno z Microsoft Word. Rezultati raziskave: Po analizi podatkov, ki smo jih pridobili z pomočjo raziskave, smo ugotovili, da anketiranci tedensko največkrat uživajo tri obroke. Večina anketirancev zadovolji dnevne potrebe po hranilnih snoveh, vendar ne po priporočilih uživanja rib, vitaminov in mineralov. Večina anketirancev dnevno spije zadostno količino tekočin, da zadostijo dnevni hidraciji. Alkoholne pijače uživajo v količinah, ki sodijo v manj škodljivo pitje alkoholnih pijač. Sklep: Iz raziskave pridobljeni podatki, nam povedo, da se starostniki prehranjujejo v okviru priporočil zdravega prehranjevanja. Z režimom prehranjevanja in izbiro kakovostnih in hranilno ustreznih živil, zadostijo energijskim potrebam. Z zadostnim vnosom tekočin preprečujejo dehidracijo, ki lahko vodi v urgentna stanja. Alkoholne pijače pa uživajo v okviru zmernega uživanja alkohola. Theoretical starting point: A healthy and balanced diet ensures a good nourishment and a good psycho-physical condition of the elderly. Due to physical and metabolic changes in old age eating habits also change. The number of meals is reduced and thus the food quality, the input of nutrients and amount of fluids. All these changes can be manifested as malnutrition or obesity. Inadequate fluid intake can lead to dehydration of the elderly. The purpose of this diploma work was to describe the eating habits of the elderly and to present guidelines for healthy nutritition. Research methods: A descriptive method with the analysis of literature and quantitative research was used. The data for the research was collected using an anonymous questionnaire, consisting of 12 closed questions. A total of 50 randomly selected members of the Association of Pensioners Cirkovce took part in the survey. The obtained data were graphically illustrated with Microsoft Excel and the text was written in Microsoft Word. Results of the research: After analysing the data from the questionnaire it was found out, that the respondents mostly consume three meals daily. Most of the respondents meet their daily needs for nutrients, but not follow the recommendations of eating fish, vitamins or minerals. Most of the respondents drink sufficient fluids to meet their daily hydration needs. The respondents drink alcohol only in small amounts and thus fall into to less harmful drinking. Conclusion: The data from the research show that the elderly eat within the scope of the recommendations for healthy diet. With a nutritional regime and choosing high quality and nutritionally adequate foods they meet their energy needs. With adequate intake of fluids dehydration can be avoided as this can lead to urgent situations. Alcohol is present only in moderate amounts. |
