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Za uspeh Evropske unije je bistvenega pomena, da države članice spoštujejo prevzete obveznosti oziroma da se vzdržijo kršitev prava EU. V tem pogledu sta možnost uvedbe postopka za ugotavljanje kršitev zoper države članice v skladu s členom 258 PDEU in postopka za naložitev denarnih sankcij v skladu s členom 260 PDEU, v kolikor države članice še naprej kršijo pravo EU, de facto pomembna instrumenta. Mehanizem denarnega kaznovanja držav članic pa mora biti tudi učinkovit in sposoben hitrega odziva na kršitve ter usmerjen v cilj čimprejšnje zagotovitve skladnosti s pravom EU. Ker dosedanja ureditev teh »standardov« ni dosegala v tolikšni meri, kot bi si EU želela, je Lizbonska pogodba naredila korak dalje in določila nekatere novosti, ki naj bi še dodatno povečale učinkovitost denarnih sankcij. Namen diplomskega dela je tako predstaviti politično občutljivo področje javnopravnega varstva, to je denarno sankcioniranje držav članic. V tej zvezi je najprej obravnavan zgodovinski aspekt tega instrumenta, osrednjega pomena pa je preučitev dveh sprememb, ki jih je na tem področju uvedla Lizbonska pogodba, ter problematika denarnih sankcij, ki lahko doletijo državo članico kršiteljico. It is vital for the success of the European Union that Member States comply with their adopted obligations and refrain from infringements of EU law. In this view, the possibility to initiate infringement proceedings against Member States under Article 258 TFEU and, in case of further breaches of EU law, to initiate proceedings for the imposition of financial penalties, seem to be, in fact, significant instruments. However, the financial penalty mechanism must also be effective and capable of rapid response to infringements, and aimed to achieve the goal of speedy conformity with EU law. Since the existing arrangement had not reached these “standards” to the extent desired by the EU, the Treaty of Lisbon took a step further and established some novelties that are supposed to increase the effectiveness of financial penalties. The aim of this diploma thesis is to present the politically sensitive area of public law protection, i.e. imposing financial penalties on Member States. In this regard, the historical aspect of this instrument is dealt with first, while the focal point of this thesis is the examination of two changes introduced by the Treaty of Lisbon in this field and the issue of financial penalties that can be imposed on defaulting Member States. |
