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Namen magistrskega dela, z naslovom Naravne oblike gibanja v prvem vzgojno-izobraževalnem obdobju, je bil preučiti pomen naravnih oblik gibanja in pripraviti zglede učnih priprav za poučevanje naravnih oblik gibanja v 1., 2. in 3. razredu devetletne osnovne šole. V teoretičnem delu magistrskega dela sta opisana šport in športna vzgoja v šoli. Sledi predstavitev biološkega, čustvenega, socialnega in gibalnega razvoja otroka ter gibalnih sposobnosti. Gibalna aktivnost pozitivno vpliva na telesni, socialni in čustveni razvoj. V magistrskemu delu smo se osredotočili na naravne oblike gibanja, kamor prištevamo bazične gibalne strukture, in sicer tek, skok, met ... Poleg posameznih naravnih oblik gibanja so predstavljene tudi elementarne igre. Izbira igre, ki vključuje elementarne oblike človekovega gibanja, je pomembna, saj lahko z njo uresničujemo cilje vadbene enote. Praktični del temelji na učnih pripravah za hojo in tek, skoke, mete, dviganje in nošenje, plezanje in padce, plazenje in lazenje ter potiskanja in vlečenja. Aktivnosti v okviru učnih priprav so ciljno usmerjene, zabavne in raznovrstne. Učne priprave so zastavljene in napisane tako, da učenca metodično vodijo do usvojitve posameznih naravnih oblik gibanja, ob tem pa se zabavajo in razvijajo pozitiven odnos do športa. Med izdelanimi učnimi pripravami smo izpeljali naslednje tri: skoki, plezanje in padci ter plazenje in lazenje. Izvajane učne priprave smo ovrednotili s samoanalizo. Večina otrok je edine organizirane športne aktivnosti deležna v šolah, a kljub temu da se ta izvaja v celoti, ne zadovolji otrokovih potreb, zato je zelo pomembna kakovost. Vsebina magistrskega dela bo lahko v pomoč učiteljem razrednega pouka, ki bodo z ustreznimi gibalnimi dejavnostmi pri otrocih razvijali spoznavne, gibalne in čustvene sposobnosti ter lastnosti. Prav tako zajema korekten nabor idej za smiselno poučevanje naravnih oblik, kjer učenci pridobivajo novo in nadgrajujejo že obstoječe znanje. This thesis focuses on examining the importance of natural forms of movement and on preparing examples of lesson plans for teaching natural forms of movement in the first triennium of a 9-year primary school. The theoretical part of the thesis consists of a description of sport and sport education in school, which is followed by an analysis of biological, emotional, social and motor development in children as well as their motor skills. Physical activity has a positive effect on physical, social and emotional development. The thesis is centered around natural forms of movement – basic movement structures such as running, jumping and throwing. Along with individual natural forms of movement, elementary games are presented. The choice of game, which is made up of elemental forms of human movement, is important in achieving the objectives of an exercise unit. The practical part is based on lesson plans for walking and running, throwing, lifting and carrying, climbing and falling, crawling, pushing and pulling. Activities that constitute the lesson plans are goal-oriented, fun and diverse. The lesson plans are prepared so that they lead the student methodically towards learning individual natural forms of movement, while they have fun and develop a positive attitude towards sport. Three lesson plans were carried out – jumping, climbing and falling, crawling – and evaluated by employing self-analysis. Most children only participate in organized sport activities at school and though the activity is carried out in its entirety, it does not meet the children’s needs, which is why quality is very important. The content of this thesis will be of help to elementary education teachers, who will be able to employ appropriate physical activities to aid children in the development of their cognitive, physical and emotional abilities and characteristics. The thesis also presents a set of ideas on teaching natural forms, which helps children acquire new knowledge as well as build on existing information. |
