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Diplomska naloga obravnava specifiko policijskega poseganja v pravice državljanov, ki ne ravnajo v skladu s sprejetimi družbenimi normami, oz. pravico državljanov, da policist ne posega v njihove pravice, če ravnajo v skladu s sprejetimi družbenimi normami. Policist ima dolžnost in pravico, da v primerih, ko so izpolnjeni določeni zakonski pogoji, na zakonit in strokoven način izvede nalogo, ki mu je v dani situaciji naložena. Zakon pa mu s tem ne samo dovoljuje, temveč ga tudi zavezuje, da v določenih primerih z namenom zavarovanja pravice nekoga poseže v pravico drugega. Dejstvo je, da policist za izvedbo katere koli naloge, ki je usmerjena v zavarovanje življenja in premoženja ljudi, s tem poseže v oz. omeji pravice drugega. Ob omejevanju oz. posegih v pravice z namenom zavarovanja pri domnevno oškodovanih pa se vselej pojavi vprašanje, ali je poseg policista pri izvajanju naloge skladen z veljavno zakonodajo, nadalje pa tudi, ali je policistovo zakonito ravnanje tudi strokovno, profesionalno, humano, sorazmerno, primerno, in še bi lahko naštevali dileme, ki z vidika policistovega dela predstavljajo vprašljive, v nekaterih primerih za policista zelo nehvaležne posege. Človekove pravice in svoboščine so opredeljene v številnih mednarodnih dokumentih, temeljni akt v R Sloveniji je Ustava, tolmačenja ob razpravah v smislu zavarovanja pravic pa so prepogosto filozofsko usmerjena. Slovenska zakonodaja policiste pri opravljanju posameznih nalog zavezuje z natančno opredeljenimi pogoji, ki morajo biti izpolnjeni, da se določena naloga lahko prične izvajati. Govorimo torej o sprožilni situaciji, ki jo zakonodaja opredeljuje z izpolnjevanjem natančno določenih pogojev. V teoretičnem pogledu tematika niti ni problematična, še zlasti, ko se razprava vodi v smislu: »zakon določa, da morajo biti izpolnjeni naslednji pogoji itd.« Tudi glede pomena posameznih dokaznih oz. varnostnih standardov ni večjih razhajanj, če se o njih razpravlja brez konkretne povezave na konkreten primer. Težava, ki bi jo rad izpostavil v obravnavani tematiki, se nanaša predvsem na praktično uveljavljanje v zakonu zapisanih določil. Dejstvo je, da na sprožilno situacijo kot pogoj za pričetek izvajanja policijskega postopka ne vplivajo samo v zakonu zapisani pogoji, temveč so tu še številne okoliščine, ki izhajajo iz narave policista, ter tiste, ki jih narekuje družba v odnosu do dela policistov. The thesis discusses specifics of police intervention into rights of citizen, which do not follow adopted social norms, or the right of citizen against interference of officers into their rights, when they follow adopted social norms. The police officer has the duty and right to under certain legal conditions legally and professionally carry out his task, assigned to him in a certain situation, where the law does not only allow him but binds him to interfere in the right of others in certain cases in order to secure someone else’s rights. Fact is that the police officer interferes or limits the rights of an individual to carry out a task, directed towards securing the life or assets of people. In limiting or interfering with the rights of others in order to secure allegedly harmed, the question arises, whether the police officer follows valid legislation during his task, and consequently, if the officer’s legal handling is also professional, human, proportional, appropriate. These are just a few of the dilemmas, which from the officer’s work point of view represent questionable and in certain cases ungrateful interventions. Human rights and freedoms are defined in numerous international documents, the fundamental act in the Republic of Slovenia is the Constitution, but interpreted in discussions in terms of rights insurance they are too often philosophically oriented. The Slovene legislations binds police officers in their work with precisely defined conditions, which have to be fulfilled, that a certain task can be carried out. We are talking about a trigger situation, which the legislation defines with meeting precisely defined conditions. Theoretically the topic is not problematic, especially when the discussion is being led in terms: “the law says that the following conditions have to be fulfilled etc.” Regarding the meaning of individual evidential or security standards there is also no discrepancy. The problem I would like to emphasize in the discussed topic relates to practical execution of written provisions in the law. Fact is that the trigger situation as the condition for the start of the police procedure is not influenced only by written conditions in the law, but also by numerous circumstances, arising from the nature of the police officer, and those, dictated by the society in relation to the work of the officers. |
