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V prispevku je celostno prikazan medicinski terapevtski ukrep – forenzična bolnišnica, za katero si v skladu s tezo, da si za odgovor kazenskega pravosodja na ravnanja splošno nevarnih storilcev kaznivih dejanj ne glede na njihovo duševno zdravje v času storitve kaznivega dejanja (lahko je v razponu od stanja popolne prištevnosti, ko jim gre pripisati kazensko odgovornost, do popolne neprištevnosti, saj za svoja dejanja ne morejo kazensko odgovarjati), na katerem temelji vsebina, prizadevava najti mesto v sistemu domačega kazenskega prava. Forenzično bolnišnico, ki je pravzaprav »gostja« kazenskega prava, saj »domuje« na področju medicine oz. forenzične psihiatrije, predstavljava kot institut, ki pomeni za domačo zakonodajo absolutno novost. Ker je v slovenski ureditvi popolna neznanka, se ne omejujemo zgolj na najožji pojem forenzične bolnišnice in jo skušava prikazati s čim več zornih kotov, hkrati pa sproti opozarjati na odprta vprašanja in dileme, na katere bo treba iskati primerne odgovore, ter rešitve, da predlagani institut dobi svoj prostor v kazenskopravni teoriji, hkrati pa zaživi tudi v sodni praksi. V prispevku se osredinjava na kratek zgodovinski pregled razvoja (ne)prištevnosti in prvin instituta forenzične bolnišnice, kar pomeni, da sva subtilno izpostavila subjekt in objekt razprave, tj. forenzičnega bolnika – človeka, ki ga po storitvi za okolico nevarnega kaznivega dejanja najprej sodno obravnavajo –, ter pošljejo v forenzično bolnišnico – prostor, kamor bo storilec nameščen, da bo lahko nadalje medicinsko obravnavan. Glede na primarnost kazenskega postopka opozarjava na varstvo temeljnih načel pravne države in na temeljna načela kazenskega postopka, ki jih mora sodišče dosledno upoštevati na poti do ustrezne odločitve. Nato skušava ob upoštevanju domače in mednarodne zakonodaje predstaviti osnovno pravno podlago za namestitev v forenzično bolnišnico. Zaradi seznanitve bralca z novim institutom, ki bi z uvrstitvijo v Kazenski zakonik (KZ-1) prispeval k razvitejšemu, sodobnemu in smotrnemu sistemu kazenskega sankcioniranja, izraziteje uporabljava zgodovinsko in praktično metodo, t. i. »desk research«, »case study«. Throughout the dissertation, regarding an all encompassing depiction of the therapeutic measure - the forensic hospital-we endeavour to find its position within the domestic criminal law system. It is in conformity with the thesis that the answer of criminal justice regarding offences of generally dangerous perpetrators, regardless of their mental health when committing a criminal offence (which may range from full accountability, which renders them criminally responsible, to full inaccountability, when they cannot be held criminally responsible), needs to be sought. The entire article is elaborated on these grounds. The forensic hospital, which is a ćguestć in criminal law, whereas ćat tomeć in the field of medicine, forensic psychiatry, is presented as an institute representing an absolute novelty for domestic legislation. Owing to a complete lack of knowledge on it in the Slovenian environment, it was not possible to limit oneself only to the most narrowly defined nucleus ofthe notion of forensic hospital. Thus, we sought to present it from as many different angles as possible, while simultaneously highlighting open issues and dilemmas, searching for appropriate answers and solutions necessary, with a view to this institute acquiring its place in criminal legal theory, while also being asserted in judicial practice. In the first part, we focused upon ashort historical review of (in)accountability and of elements of the institute of forensic hospital, meaning that we subtly exposed the subject matter of the article, in particular the forensic patient - the person, who after committing the socially dangerous offence is inititally treated judicially, and the forensic hospital as the place where the perpetrator is situated to be further treated medically. With respect to the primary nature of the criminal procedure, we drew attention to the protection of fundamental principles of rule of law and fundamental principles of criminal pro- cedure, which the judiciary needs to take into account consistently throughout until the substantial decision. Taking into account domestic and international legislation, we attempted to present the legal grounds for positioning the forensic hospital. In order to acquaint the reader with the new institute which would contribute – along with the application of the Criminal code (KZ- 1)–towards a more state of the art, developed and purposeful criminal law poenalization. Thus, we applied to a greater extent the historical, i.e. ‘desk research’, ‘case study’, and the practical method. |
