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Angleški jezik vsebuje veliko idiomov, ki predstavljajo pomemben del jezika, zato je to področje zelo zahtevno in težko osvojljivo. Idiomatični izrazi so natančno določeni in nespremenljivi. Njihovega pomena največkrat ni mogoče izpeljati iz pomena posameznih besed v idiomu, njihovih elementov pa ni dovoljeno poljubno spreminjati ne v govornem ne v pisnem jeziku. Največkrat so sestavljeni iz dveh ali več besed, pogosteje kot v uradnem angleškem pisnem jeziku pa se pojavljajo v neuradnem govornem. V tem diplomskem delu smo se v raziskovanju idiomov osredotočili zgolj na časovne idiome. Zbranih in predstavljenih je 253 idiomov, ki so hkrati prevedeni v slovenski jezik. Idiomi niso le predstavljeni in podkrepljeni z razlago, temveč so razloženi tudi s primeri. Namen diplomskega dela je bil ugotoviti, v kolikšni meri sta si v časovni terminologiji slovenščina in angleščina podobni. Idiome smo razvrstili v tri skupine, in sicer glede na njihovo prevedljivost. Analiza je pokazala, da največjo skupino idiomov predstavlja skupina angleških idiomov, ki glede na pomen v slovenskem jeziku nimajo ustreznic. Razloge za to je moč najti v različnih zgodovinskih, kulturnih in socialnih ozadjih. Tudi geografske značilnosti igrajo pri tem pomembno vlogo. Sledi skupina angleških idiomov, ki imajo ustreznice z istim pomenom in drugačnim zapisom v slovenskem jeziku. Na splošno slovenski jezik ne premore toliko idiomatičnih izrazov kot angleški. V ta namen je potrebno angleške idiome v slovenščino velikokrat prevesti opisno. The English language is very rich with idiomatic expressions, which represent an essential part of it and are therefore very difficult for the foreign learners to master. Idiomatic phrases are fixed groups of words whose meaning is in most cases not deductible from the meanings of its separate words and they cannot be changed or varied, whether in speech or writing. Most of these expressions are phrases of two or more words and many of them belong to informal, spoken English rather than to formal, written language. I decided to limit my research to idiomatic expressions denoting time. I collected 253 idioms and translated them into Slovene language. All idioms are explained and used in context. My purpose was to find out how similar the Slovene and English language are in as far as time phraseology is concerned. I divided all idioms into three groups according to the way they are translated. The analysis has shown that the largest group of idioms is the group of English idioms with no equivalents in Slovene. The main reasons are different historical, cultural and social backgrounds. In addition, geographical features may play a role in this too. In the second place is the group of idioms that have the same meaning, but a different structure in English and Slovene. Slovene generally has fewer idiomatic phrases than English. It is for this reason that English idioms often have to be translated into Slovene in a descriptive way rather than by idiomatic equivalents. |
