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Cilj študije je ugotoviti, ali vozniki, bolniki z epilepsijo, kroničnim alkoholizmom in/ali tveganim pitjem, uživalci psiho aktivnih substanc (PAS), bolniki z drugimi boleznimi živčevja, z duševnimi in vedenjskimi motnjami, s kardiovaskularnimi boleznimi, z diagnozo težjega diabetesa in težjimi okulističnimi boleznimi obravnavani na posebni zdravstveni komisiji (PZK), predstavljajo večje tveganje za povzročitev prometnih nesreč (PN)/cestno prometnih prekrškov (CPP) od voznikov povzročiteljev PN/CPP v Sloveniji, ki teh diagnoz nimajo. Narejenih je bilo šestnajst študij primerov s kontrolami. Primeri so vozniki, ki so bili v opazovanem obdobju pregledani na PZK in so imeli naslednje diagnoze: epilepsija, kronični alkoholizem /tvegano pitje, uživanje PAS, duševne in vedenjske motnje, bolezni živčevja, kardiovaskularne bolezni, diabetes in bolezni oči. Za vsak primer smo kot kontrolo definirali po spolu in starosti usklajene osebe iz kohorte povzročiteljev PN/CPP v istem opazovanem obdobju. Deskriptivni statistiki je sledilo izračunavanje korelacij med spremenljivkami, izračun t testov oziroma χ2 med primeri in kontrolami za vsako spremenljivko in izračun razmerja obetov. Vozniki z vodilno diagnozo predhodne poškodbe imajo več kot štirikrat večje obete za povzročitev PN (RO= 4,44 95% IZ=1,69-11,63) in trikrat večje obete z diagnozo odvisnost (RO= 3,52 95% IZ= 2,10-5,88), da povzročijo CPP, medtem ko imajo vozniki z boleznimi živčevja petkrat večje obete kot kontrole, da bodo povzročili PN (RO = 5,18 95% IZ= 2,59 -10,34). Visoko tveganje imajo tudi vozniki z duševnimi in vedenjskimi motnjami (RO = 3,64 95% IZ = 1,91 - 6,94) in vozniki, ki so odvisni od alkohola ( RO = 1,71 95% IZ = 1,01 – 2,89). Rezultati za voznike z vodilno diagnozo epilepsija ne kažejo večjega tveganja za CPP/PN. Novo je odkritje visokega tveganja za PN pri voznikih z diagnozo predhodne poškodbe. Rezultati potrjujejo tudi ugotovitev, da so odvisni vozniki in vozniki s kroničnimi boleznimi dejansko tvegani vozniki. Rezultati za voznike z vodilno diagnozo epilepsija prispevajo k dosedanjim raziskavam, ki voznikov z epilepsijo ne obravnavajo kot tvegane voznike. The aim of the study is to establish whether drivers, suffering from epilepsy, chronic alcoholism and/or hazardous drinking, PAS abuse, drivers suffering from other diseases of the nervous system, mental and behavioural disorders, cardiovascular diseases, severe diabetes and severe diseases of the eye dealt with by a Special Medical Committee (SMC) represent a greater risk for causing road accidents (RAs)/motoring offences (MOs) than drivers who cause RAs/MOs in Slovenia without these diagnoses. Eight case control studies were done. Cases were drivers checked by the SMC in the observed period suffering from above mentioned diseases. Matched controls were taken from the cohort of those who caused RAs/MOs in the same observed period. Descriptive statistics was followed by the calculation of correlations, t-tests and χ2 and the odds ratio. Drivers with a leading diagnosis of a previous injury have four times greater odds for causing a road accident (OR = 4.44 95% CI = 1.69–11.63) and drivers with a diagnosis of addiction have three times greater odds (OR = 3.52 95% CI = 2.10–5.88) to cause a motoring offence, while drivers with nervous system disorders have five times greater odds than controls to cause a road accident (OR = 5.18 95% CI = 2.59–10.34). Drivers with mental and behavioural disorders (OR = 3.64 95% CI = 1.91–6.94) and drivers addicted to alcohol (OR = 1.71 95% CI = 1.01–2.89) also face a high risk. The results for drivers with a leading diagnosis of epilepsy do not show greater risks for a motoring offence or road accident. A new finding is that drivers with the diagnosis of a previous injury face a high risk for road accidents. The results also confirm the finding that addicted drivers and drivers with chronic diseases are in fact risk drivers. The results concerning the drivers with a leading diagnosis of epilepsy are a contribution to the studies carried out so far that do not treat drivers with epilepsy as risk drivers. |
