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V diplomski nalogi smo s pomočjo metode geometrijske morfometrije in statistične analize preverjali variabilnost in asimetrijo meljakov zgornjih čeljusti pri bandikotah. Na treh meljakih levega in desnega zobnega niza smo izvajali morfometrične meritve z določanjem oslonilnih točk. V morfometrični obravnavi analiziramo velikost in obliko objektov ločeno. Analizirali smo 82 zgornjih čeljusti z meljaki, petih vrst bandikot, in sicer Bandicota bengalensis, B. indica, B. savilei, Nesokia indica in N. bunniiii. Vsem meljakom vsakega objekta posebej smo določili po 36 oslonilnih točk. Postopki priprave za izračun simetričnosti leve in desne polovice meljakov smo predstavili z različnimi postopki manipulacije s podatki in jih razporedili v šest ključnih korakov. Ti so v nalogi podrobno podani opisno in slikovno. Vrednosti osnovnih meritev smo z uporabo Prokrustove analize poravnali v skupno izhodišče in standardizirali, metoda pa osnovno variabilnost razstavi na velikost (centroidna velikost) in obliko (Prokrustove koordinate). Večino morfološke variabilnosti v obliki smo strnili s statistično metodo analize glavnih komponent (PCA – Principal Component Analysis). Prvi dve glavni komponenti sta razložili dobrih 55 % celotne morfološke variabilnosti, prvih pet glavnih komponent 72,8 % ter prva glavna komponenta kar 42 % morfološke variabilnosti. Za test razlik v velikosti in obliki med levo in desno stranjo meljakov smo uporabili analizo variance Procrustes ANOVA. Ugotovili smo, da so individualne razlike med osebki tako v velikosti kot obliki bistveno bolj izrazite, kot so razlike med levo in desno stranjo meljakov istega osebka. In the diploma thesis we have verified the variability and asymmetry of upper jaw molars in bandicoots, using the method of geometric morphometrics and statistical analysis. At three molars of the left and right tooth set were performed morphometric measurements by setting reference points. In morphometric treatment we analyzed the size and shape of objects separately. The analysis has been performed on 82 upper jaws with molars, five types of bandicoots, namely Bandicota bengalensis, B. indica, B. savilei, Nesokia indica and N. bunniiii. All molars of each object were determined 36 reference points. Processes for preparing for the calculation of the symmetry of the left and right half of molars were presented by different procedures of data manipulation and ranked them in six key steps. In the thesis, these are in details presented in a descriptive and visual way. The values of basic measurements were straightened up into a common starting point and standardized by means of Procrust analysis, the method disassembles the basic variability in size (centroid size) and shape (Procrust coordinates). Most of the morphological variability in the form we have summarized using the statistical method of principal component analysis (PCA). The first two principal components explained more than 55% of the total morphological variability, the first five principal components 72.8% and the first principal component 42 % of morphological variability. To test differences in size and shape between the left and right side of molars we used analysis of variance Procrustes ANOVA. We have found out that individual differences between specimens are a much more pronounced both in size and shape, as they are between the left and the right side of molars of the same specimen. |
