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Gospodarska kriminaliteta je ena izmed oblik kriminalitete, pri kateri je državi in ostalim deležnikom posredno oziroma neposredno povzročene največ gospodarske škode. Zaradi pojavne oblike, ki je zakrita v svoje vsakdanje delovanje, pa jo je obenem tudi zelo težko odkriti. Z globalizacijo se gospodarska kriminaliteta zelo naglo razvija, zato je boj proti njej zelo zahteven. Za uspešen spopad proti tej obliki kriminalitete pa mora obstajati predvsem dobro sklenjen sistem državnih organov in institucij, ki v boju proti tovrstni kriminaliteti delujejo vzajemno ter s ciljem čim večje omejitve. Počasi smo tako v Sloveniji prišli v fazo, kjer se država zaveda, kako pomemben je odločen boj s to vrsto kriminalitete. Tako smo v zadnjih letih priča ustanavljanju posebnih specializiranih skupin, kot je na primer Nacionalni preiskovalni urad (spada v Upravo kriminalistične policije) in je pristojen predvsem za preiskovanje zahtevnejših oblik gospodarske kriminalitete. Na drugi strani pa je bilo leta 2012 ustanovljeno Specializirano državno tožilstvo, ki je pristojno za pregon hujših oblik kaznivih dejanj gospodarske kriminalitete. Sredstva, ki jih država nameni za državne organe in institucije, da omejujejo gospodarsko kriminaliteto, lahko izgledajo velika, v vsakem primeru pa je proti izgubi, ki jo državi povzroči škoda, ki je povzročena s storitvijo kaznivih dejanj zoper gospodarsko kriminaliteto, zanemarljiva. V preteklih letih smo bili v Sloveniji priča večjemu številu poskusov prevzemov podjetij s strani managerjev oziroma vodstvenih struktur določenih podjetij. Ta pojav je bil v večini primerov sprejet z neodobravanjem, saj so prevzemniki, ki so prevzemali ciljno podjetje, po navadi ciljno družbo finančno izčrpali in jo tako pripeljali na rob preživetja. Veliko vlogo pri managerskih prevzemih pa so imele tudi banke, ki so prevzeme kreditirale na strokovno gledano zelo vprašljiv način. Economic crime is a type of crime causing the State and other stakeholders, directly or indirectly, the greatest economic loss. As its manifestation is concealed in its day-to-day operations, economic crime is very difficult to detect. Its development has been further advanced by globalisation, therefore fight against this type of crime is extremely difficult. To win this fight, it is first necessary to have a well-functioning system of State authorities and institutions interacting with one another with a common goal of limiting this type of crime to a minimum. In Slovenia, we have gradually entered the phase where the state has become aware of how important it is to fight this type of crime. Thus, in the last few years, we are witnessing the formation of specialised groups, such as the National Bureau of Investigation (operates under the Criminal Police sector), which is empowered mainly to investigate demanding forms of economic crime. On the other side, the Specialised State Prosecutor's Office was established in 2012, which is empowered to prosecute serious forms of economic crime. It may appear that the State devotes a significant proportion of funds to State authorities and institution for limiting economic crime, but these funds are intended to prevent the loss incurred to the State by the perpetrators of economic criminal acts and are therefore negligible. In the past years, Slovenia has witnessed several attempts by the managers or governance structures to acquire companies. In the majority of cases, this phenomenon was met with disapproval, as the acquirers usually financially exhausted the target company, bringing it to the brink of collapse. A major role in these management's acquisitions was also played by the banks which provided credit financing for these acquisitions in a very questionable manner, looking at it from a professional perspective. |
