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Namen prispevka: Namen prispevka je razmejiti državno od zasebne obveščevalne dejavnosti, prikazati značilnosti in trende zasebne obveščevalne dejavnosti po svetu ter opozoriti na zametke te dejavnosti v Sloveniji. Metode: Opravljena je analiza teoretičnih del in pristopov k obravnavanju državne in zasebne obveščevalne dejavnosti, analiza konkretnih primerov razvoja in delovanja zasebne obveščevalne dejavnosti ter analiza zakonodaje, ki to dejavnost ureja v Sloveniji. Deloma so bili uporabljeni tudi rezultati raziskave, ki je bila na to temo opravljena za potrebe doktorske disertacije na Fakulteti za varnostne vede Univerze v Mariboru. Ugotovitve: Zasebna obveščevalna dejavnost (v okviru zakonskih omejitev) postaja pomembna in legitimna gospodarska dejavnost, ki ni omejena na državo ali regijo, temveč deluje v globalnem okolju. Njene stranke so tako države kot velike korporativne družbe, ki se zanimajo za tveganja, ki bi lahko ogrozila njihove interese. Takšen trend, ki ga zaznavamo na Zahodu, bi se lahko v določeni meri pojavil tudi v Sloveniji, kjer zaradi narave in nelagodja ob omembi zasebne obveščevalne dejavnosti dejansko ne moremo zagotovo trditi, kako zelo je ta razširjena. Kljub temu pa lahko z analizo slovenske zakonodaje zaznamo elemente zasebne obveščevalne dejavnosti in predvsem dela protiobveščevalne dejavnosti, kot je zaščita poslovnih skrivnosti. Globalna konkurenca, prihod tujih gospodarskih družb in nastop slovenskih gospodarskih družb na svetovnem trgu bodo najverjetneje silili družbe v čim učinkovitejšo zaščito lastnih podatkov ter zbiranje in analizo novih podatkov, pomembnih za obvladovanje tveganj, to pa bo pozitivno vplivalo na razvoj zasebne obveščevalne dejavnosti. Izvirnost/pomembnost prispevka: Prispevek na enem mestu razloži evolucijo državne in zasebne obveščevalne dejavnosti in slednjo brez ideologiziranja in moraliziranja predstavi kot logično posledico potreb in trendov v gospodarstvu kakor tudi dejavnosti držav, ki svoje mnogotere, nekoč tradicionalne dejavnosti, prepuščajo zasebni pobudi in so od nje včasih celo odvisne. Purpose: The purpose of this article is to delimit state intelligence from private intelligence, demonstrate features and trends of private intelligence activities around the world, and draw attention to the beginnings of these activities in Slovenia. Design/Methods/Approach: The methods span an analysis of theoretical works and approaches dealing with state and private intelligence operations, an analysis of concrete examples of the development and operation of private intelligence activities, as well as an analysis of the legislation that regulating this activity in Slovenia. Also used are the results of the survey conducted on this topic for the needs of the doctoral dissertation at the Faculty of Criminal Justice and Security of the University of Maribor. Findings: Private intelligence (within legal limits) is becoming an important and legitimate economic activity that is not limited by country or region, but it is spread in a global environment. Its customers are states as well as large corporations interested in the risks that could jeopardize their interests. This trend, as perceived in the West, could, to some extent, also appear in Slovenia. Due to the nature of this activity and discomfort at the mention of the term private intelligence, one cannot say here how much it is already widespread in Slovenia. Nevertheless, through the analysis of Slovenian legislation, we can detect elements of private intelligence activities, particularly those partly related to counterintelligence, such as protection of business secrets. Global competition, the arrival of foreign firms, and the performance of Slovenian firms on the world market will most likely be forcing Slovenian firms to maximize effective protection of their data and collection/analysis of new data relevant to risk control, which will have a positive impact on the development of private intelligence. Originality/Value: The article is an attempt to simultaneously explain evolution of state and private intelligence activities, presenting the latter without ideology and moralizing, i.e., as a logical consequence of needs and trends in the economy, as well as the manifold activities that states once traditionally controlled themselves but now cede to private initiative, sometimes even depending on it. |
