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Energija je beseda, ki se zadnje čase pogosto pojavlja skorajda vsepovsod po svetu. Poraba električne energije še vedno veča in problem v svetu je pridobitev te energije. Danes še po večini v svetu uporabljamo fosilna goriva, katera izločajo v ozračje CO2, in jih je vedno manj. Problem se pojavi, kje poiskati druge vire, se pravi obnovljive, alternativne vire energije. Države vedno bolj iščejo rešitve pri virih, kot so: sonce, veter, voda, biomasa in podobni. Najbolj perspektivni vir je sonce, se pravi izkoriščanje sončne energije. Izkoriščanje sončne energije in proizvodnjo le-te imenujemo fotovoltaika ali z drugimi besedami sončna elektrarna. V diplomski nalogi je zajeto: v prvi vrsti problem energetike v svetu, Evropi in Sloveniji, natančen opis fotovoltaike in njeno delovanje ter pomen fotovoltaike v prihodnosti. Razloženi so vsi pojmi, ki spadajo k fotovoltaiki. Razloženo je, da tovrstno investicijo, se pravi postavitev fotovoltaike, moramo smatrati kot projekt in da je ta odločitev v to investicijo strateškega pomena. Prikaz takšne investicije kot konkretne je prikazana za podjetje Radenska, d. d.,Opisan je postopek priključitve elektrarne na distribucijsko omrežje, možnosti financiranja in celotna ekonomika investicije. Zelo dobro je v nalogi razvidno, da fotovoltaika resnično kaže alternativni vir energije v prihodnosti. Saj kot vemo, sonce kot vir je brezplačen, zato ga je potrebno izkoristiti. Zaradi tega se vedno bolj izboljšuje razvoj sončnih celic in s tem pocenitev tovrstne investicije, večanje izkoristka in s tem večanje prihodkov. Vedno več držav vse bolj spodbuja investitorje k tovrstni investiciji. Recently, the term energy often occurs in various parts in the world. The use of electrical energy is increasing – consequently, we have to find new ways to produce it. Nowadays, the majority of the world population continues to use fossil fuels, which release CO2 into the environment and are in decline. The problem is where to find new resources, renewable, alternative sources of energy. Countries are looking for suitable solutions – especially by using resources like the Sun, wind, water, biomass etc. The most perspective resource is the Sun or the use of solar energy. Photovoltaic (a solar panel/solar plant) is a technology that produces electricity by using solar energy. In my diploma paper, I have discussed the problem of energetics throughout the world, in Europe and Slovenia, provided detailed information regarding photovoltaic, its activity and the importance of the mentioned technology in the future. All the terms concerning photovoltaic are defined. Moreover, the erection of a solar plant needs to be considered as a project, the decision of building one is of strategic importance. I have focused on the company Radenska d.d., analyzed the significance of the solar plant, described the process of connecting the plant to a distribution network, presented the possibilities of financing the project and the whole economics of the investment. The diploma paper proves that photovoltaic represents an alternative source of energy in the future, since the Sun is a free resource and therefore has to be used. Solar cells are steadily developing consequently the costs of the investment are lower, the efficiency is higher, as are the revenues. The number of countries encouraging such investments is increasing. |
