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Mestrado em Engenharia de Viticultura e Enologia (Double degree) / Instituto Superior de Agronomia. Universidade de Lisboa / Faculdade de Ciências. Universidade do Porto Vitis vinifera L. is a globally prominent species with socio-economic importance across many countries, with diverse climates. The leaf blade of grapevines is the most exposed to abiotic stresses. The study of the leaf blade is particularly important as climate change becomes an increasingly common theme across the world, greatly affecting agricultural systems. This review focusses on grapevine leaf morphoanatomy - leaf blade form, mesophyll and leaf epidermis anatomy, which incorporates the cuticle, indumentum, pavement cells and stomata - and their adaptation to abiotic stresses. V. vinifera xylem architecture and its adaptation capacity when the grapevine is subjected to stress is also highlighted since grapevines have been observed to exhibit a large variability in the way in which they respond to water availability. The hydraulic properties of the petiole, shoot and trunk were summarised. Senescence and the metabolic response of the grapevine when under stress were highlighted as common adaptation strategies. These processes are also part of the grapevine’s recovery cycle. Short-term strategies were addressed as a way of improving the coping capacity of cultivars when confronted by climate change. These solutions include the use of kaolin, irrigation and drought tolerant rootstocks and cultivars. In conclusion, this is a review of recent advances relating to the adaptation of grapevine morphoanatomical features and hydraulic architecture to abiotic stresses; heat and water stress, induced primarily by an ever-changing global climate N/A |
