| Popis: |
Soil Rllage and compacRon influence soil properRes and processes like porosity, bulk density, water content, drainage, and infiltraRon which ulRmately affects soil quality and health. Nearsurface geophysical techniques such as Ground-PenetraRng Radar (GPR) and ElectromagneRc InducRon (EMI) are being increasingly uRlized to esRmate soil water content. However, there is a lack of studies examining the role of soil Rllage and compacRon on soil properRes and processes using geophysical proxies. Accordingly, the objecRve of this study was to elucidate the influence of soil compacRon on responses of GPR direct ground wave velocity (VDGW), amplitude (ADGW), and apparent electrical conducRvity (ECa) measured using EMI in a boreal podzolic soil. Proxy data: VDGW, ADGW and ECa, were collected using an EMI sensor and a 500 MHz center frequency GPR system under three stages, i.e., afer Rllage, afer 4- and 10-Rmes roller passes. Undisturbed soil samples were collected to measure bulk density as the soil compacRon index and correlaRons were assessed between proxies and soil bulk density. Moderate posiRve correlaRons were found between average bulk density (0-30 cm depth) and ADGW (r=0.548, p=0.001), and ECa (r=0.633, p=0.001), while a moderate negaRve correlaRon was found between bulk density and VDGW (r= -0.464, p=0.030). Preliminary results reveal that mapping soil bulk density at the field-scale using GPR and EMI can potenRally capture the effects of Rllage or compacRon on the variability of soil bulk density and related properRes or processes. Therefore, the effect of agricultural pracRces on soil properRes can be esRmated non-destrucRvely with proxies of GPR or EMI to advance precision agriculture. |
