| Popis: |
Funding Information: This research was funded by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology [Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia, Ministério da Educação e Ciência (FCT/MCTES)], through PhD grants awarded to Márcia Vieira [SFRH/BD/148729/2019] and to Hermine Grigoryan [PD/BD/142866/2018], CEEC junior contract awarded to Paula Nabais (2021.01344.CEECIND), UIDB/EAT/00729/2020, UIDP/00729/2020; Associate Laboratory for Green Chemistry- LAQV financed by FCT/MCTES (UID/QUI/50006/2019 and UIDB/50006/2020) and co-financed by the ERDF under the PT2020 Partnership Agreement (PO-CI-01-0145-FEDER-007265); Glass and Ceramic for the Arts—VICARTE financed by FCT/MCTES (UIDB/00729/2020 and UIDP/00729/2020); Laboratory for Instrumentation, Bio-medical Engineering and Radiation Physics—LIBPhys financed by FCT/MCTES (UIDB/04559/2020 and UIDP/04559/2020). Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation grant on Armenian Studies (No. 269685) awarded to Hermine Grigoryan. Publisher Copyright: © 2023 by the authors. The illuminated manuscripts at the Gulbenkian Museum were produced in the 17th century, in scriptoria of the Armenian diaspora. In this work, we selected analytical methods that can be used in situ to study the colors of the illuminations. Scientific analysis based on fiber-optics reflectance spectroscopy in the visible and Raman spectroscopy has shown the use of a medieval palette based on inorganic pigments such as lapis lazuli, minium, vermilion, orpiment, indigo, two different greens (vergaut and malachite), lead white and carbon black. More importantly, in this context, it showed that the very important reds and pinks are possibly based on carminic acid. The painting technique is, however, different, as are the ways of painting the faces, hands, and vestments. The range of colors in the Bible and the three Gospel Books, enhanced by lapis lazuli blue and organic reds and pinks, demonstrates a desire to create exceptional illuminated manuscripts. publishersversion published |
