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Straipsnyje aptariama bitininkystės kaip kultūrinio paveldo ir verslo situacija XXI a. pradžios Lietuvoje. Dabar bitininkyste užsiima pagyvenę žmonės: 76,0 proc. jau sulaukusių daugiau nei 50 m., net 58,9 proc. pensininkų, dirbančiųjų – tik 22,5 proc., bitininkaujančių ūkininkų – 17,0 proc. Vyrauja vidurinio išsilavinimo bičiuliai – 32,9 proc., aukštąjį mokslą baigusių –17,0 proc., aukštąjį mokslą su bitininkystės kursu – tik 3,5 proc. Daugiausia produkcijos iš bičių šeimos surenka 10–20 m. bitininkavimo stažą turintys arba jauni – 20–30 m. – bitininkai. Daugiausia medaus iš bičių šeimos surenkama bitynuose, kur bitininkaujama dėl pomėgio ir kur medus naudojamas tik šeimos reikmėms. During the period 2006-2008 we visited and appraised the situation in 361 apiaries of Lithuania. The questionnaire included 38 questions. We received 351 responses. The analysis of the response showed, that most of the beekeepers were more than 50 years old (76.0 % ), 58.9 % were pensioners, 22.5 % were working, 17.0 % farmers. Most of the respondents hold a secondary education certificate (32.9 %), a university diploma 17.0 %, and a university diploma including a course on beekeeping only 3.5%. The 50.1 % of the respondents are hobby bee-keepers and use honey for family needs (29.5 %), 31.5 % of the respondents indicated beekeeping as a sourse of extra income. Only 2.5 % of the respondents stated that beekeeping generates their main income. Small apiaries with up to10 bee colonies dominate (account for 24.5 %), apiaries with more than 100 colonies account for 1.0 %, and those with 200 to 500 colonies account for only 0.5 % of the total beekeepers interviewed. Over 67.0 % apiaries use queens of unknown hybrids. Re158 queening is not used in the 66.8 % of the apiaries – the bees regenerate queens by themselves. About half of the beekeepers indicated that their bees are not aggressive but characterised by moderate or high propensity to swarming 32.9 % and 36.2 %, respectively. No re-queening and propensity to swarming are the main factors responsible for low honey production: 32.9 % of the apiaries collected to 20 kg honey per colony, only 5 % of beekeepers gain 50 kg/colony... [to full text] |
