Characterization of early and mature electrophysiological biomarkers of patients with Parkinson’s disease

Autor: Christensen, Julie Anja Engelhard
Jazyk: angličtina
Rok vydání: 2015
Zdroj: Christensen, J A E 2015, Characterization of early and mature electrophysiological biomarkers of patients with Parkinson’s disease . Technical University of Denmark, Department of Electrical Engineering .
Popis: Neurodegenerative sygdomme (NDD) er yderst invaliderende og alvorlige lidelser, som bliver mere udbredt med alderen. Der findes ingen kur og da den aldrende befolkning stiger, anses NDDs for at være et af de mest alvorlige sundhedsproblemer i det moderne samfund. Et aktuelt mål indenfor NDD forskning er at udvikle et neurobeskyttende middel, og hvis et sådan middel bliver udviklet, er det essentielt at kunne identificere patienterne så tidligt som muligt. Parkinson’s sygdom (PD) er den næstmest udbredte NDD, og da der ikke findes en pålidelig markør for sygdommen, omhandler meget forskning netop dette. Søvnforstyrrelser er almindelige blandt patienter med PD, og forskningsresultater viser at der er en stærk sammenhæng mellem en bestemt søvnsygdom ("iRBD") og PD, som antyder at søvnforstyrrelser går forud for PD symptomerne. Tidlig sygdomsindikation kan derfor potentielt findes ved søvnanalyser, men da nutidens analyser er baseret på standarder udviklet for normale søvnmønstre, er analyserne af patologisk søvn mangelfulde. Denne afhandling fremsætter hypotesen om, at man ved at analysere søvn automatisk kan identificere forandringer i elektroencefalografi (EEG) og elektrooculografi (EOG) i patologisk søvn, og derved måske afsløre mulige biomarkører for PD. Formålene med denne afhandling var at 1) udvikle data-drevne søvnmodeller baseret på EEG og/eller EOG, der kan beskrive søvn i detaljer og derved supplere de manuelle analyser af normal og patologisk søvn; 2) udfra de data-drevne søvnmodeller at udtrække karakteristiske egenskaber der beskriver forandrede søvnmønstrer i patienter med iRBD og PD; 3) identificere ændringer i søvnspindler i EEG’et fra patienter med PD ved at udtrække mål for spindel morfologien. Resultaterne viste at patienter med PD eller iRBD har 1) ændret øjenbevægelser under søvn, 2) ændret fordeling og stabilitet af automatisk fundne søvnstadier, der henholdsvis minder om N3 og REM søvn, 3) flere REM-NREM transitioner fundet ved en data-dreven model, 4) færre spindler og 5) ændret spindel morfologi sammenlignet med kontrolpersoner. Denne afhandling illustrerer hvordan biomedicinsk signalbehandling kan anvendes til automatisk at identificere EEG og EOG ændringer under søvn hos patienter med iRBD eller PD. De udviklede automatiske metoder analyserer søvn på en robust og standardiseret måde og kan supplere nutidens søvnevaluering. Afslutningsvis, bidrager denne afhandling til forskningen indenfor tidlig PD identifikation, men konkluderer samtidigt at ingen kendt PD biomarkør er pålidelig nok til at stå alene. Neurodegenerative diseases (NDD) are highly disabling and severe diseases, and become more common with increasing age. As no cure exist and as the aging population increases, NDDs are considered to be one of the most serious health problems facing modern society. The most elusive goal in the field of NDD is to find a neuroprotective agent, and if such treatment becomes available, it is essential that the patients can be identified as early as possible. Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common NDD, and early disease identification is an active field of research as no reliable markers yet exist [83]. Sleep disturbances are common non-motor symptoms of PD, and strong findings associating a specific sleep disorder ("iRBD") to Parkinsonism suggest that sleep disturbances might precede the clinical diagnosis of PD. Analysis of sleep thus hold potential to serve as early disease identification, but as the current standard for sleep analysis relies on manual scorings guided by standards designed to fit healthy and normal sleep, manual sleep analysis of pathological sleep lacks substance. This dissertation hypothesizes that automated sleep analysis can identify altered patterns of EEG and EOG in pathological sleep and may serve to reveal PD biomarkers. The aims of this dissertation was to: 1) Develop full data-driven sleep models based on EEG, EOG or both, that can describe sleep in detail and can be used in the analysis of normal as well as pathological sleep. 2) Extract appropriate features from the automated sleep models describing alterations in the sleep patterns of patients with PD or iRBD. 3) Identify changes of sleep spindles in the EEG of patients with PD by extracting features describing spindle morphology. The results showed that patients with PD or iRBD reflect 1) altered eye movements during sleep, 2) altered amount and stability of data-determined stages linked to N3 and REM sleep, 3) more REM-NREM sleep transitions determined by a data-driven model, 4) decreased spindle density and 5) altered spindle morphology compared to non-NDD subjects. In conclusion, this dissertation illustrates how appropriate biomedical signal processing can be used to reveal indicative alterations in the sleep EEG and EOG of patients with iRBD and PD. The automated methods developed analyze sleep in a robust and standardized way and can be supportive for sleep evaluation. Conclusively, this dissertation contributes to the field of early PD identification, but substantiates the claim that no known PD biomarker is reliable enough to stand alone.
Databáze: OpenAIRE