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Background: Obesity is associated with disturbances in cardiovascular structure and function varying along with the degree of fatness, but the mechanisms underlying this co-variation are unclear. Short-term weight loss appears to have favourable effects on the cardiovascular system, but whether such improvements are maintained in the long run is unknown. Aims: To study how body composition, fat distribution and obstructive sleep apnoea relate to cardiovascular structure and function and to evaluate the effects of long-term sustained weight loss on the heart and vascular system. Methods: At the 10-year follow-up of the Swedish obese subjects (SOS) study cohort we identified 44 obese patients, who following bariatric surgery had displayed 10-year sustained weight losses (surgery group, BMI 31.5 kg/m2) and 44 matched obese patients, who during the same time period had maintained stable weight (obese group, BMI 42.5 kg/m2). We also included 44 matched subjects with normal weight (lean group, BMI 24.4 kg/m2). All study participants were evaluated with echocardiography, carotid ultrasonography, computed tomography, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and analysis of blood tests. In addition, 19 patients from the surgery group and 20 from the obese group were examined with polysomnography. Results: As compared with obese controls, the surgery group showed lower left ventricular end-diastolic volume (87±12 vs. 114±24 ml, p |
