Containment of COVID-19: Policy design and compliance
| Autor: | Closa Montero, Carlos, Fraile Maldonado, Marta, Mercado, Alberto, Parrado, Salvador, Pereira-Puga, Manuel, Perna, Roberta |
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| Přispěvatelé: | European Commission, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (España) |
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2022 |
| Popis: | Trabajo presentado en las II Jornadas Científicas PTI + Salud Global (5-6 octubre 2022, Valencia). What did we want to know? How did authorities decide and enforce COVID-19 related measures and what is the rationale behind it? How citizens’ preferences are ranked when complying with COVID-19 related measures? How did we do it? In-depth interviews (n=39) with local and regional authorities (Asturias, Galicia, Madrid and Valencia) responsible for the design and enforcement of COVID-19 related measures. Conjoint experiment embedded in an online survey to a Spanish representative sample (n= 3291) with over-representation of Asturias, Galicia, Madrid and Valencia (Fieldwork: Feb/March 2022). We posed four pairs of different scenarios with four randomly selected attributes to survey respondents in a fictitious situation: ‘Consumption indoors is limited and there are some restrictions to access bars and restaurants’. They were asked: ‘In which situation would you consume in this place?’. What have we (provisionally) found? On decision making. The system was overloaded with frequently changed rules that challenged compliance & enforcement. Authorities appealed to social responsibility (‘to protect others’) to elicit citizen compliance. They rarely used normative (‘the law says so’) or fear-based (‘the virus can kill’) claims. Regional health authorities were key in decision-making. Positive cooperation across policy areas was the norm, but local authorities were not always consulted on enforcement. Overall, health dominated over economic considerations when justifying policies, but regional differences persisted. Economic incentives played a role in fostering compliance. Evidence-based analysis on health supported policy-making. One region even experimented with artificial intelligence. The presence of social science experts in consultation panels was limited. On rule enforcement. ‘Citizens complied exemplary with COVID-19 measures’: unanimous verdict from interviewees. Yet, compliance required increasing enforcement after the first lockdown. Given the high instability of rules, authorities first persuaded citizens to comply (information, education, …) and dissuaded them with sanctions thereafter when needed. Due to the encompassing nature of measures and available resources enforcement has been selective. Rule instability and ambiguity weakened the legitimacy and effectiveness of preventive-containment measures. On Citizens’ preferences. To consume outdoors and when they believe that the rest is highly protected (70% vaccinated). They would rather not enter places with people not wearing a mask. Police sanctions are not relevant. Citizens’ preferences rely on social and risk-related arguments. No significant regional differences. This research work was funded by the European Commission – NextGenerationEU (Regulation EU 2020/2094), through CSIC's Global Health Platform (PTI Salud Global). |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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