O jezičnoj komunikaciji prema spisima zadarskoga notara Petra Perencana (1361.-1392.)

Autor: Anita Bartulović
Jazyk: chorvatština
Rok vydání: 2015
Předmět:
Zdroj: Zbornik Odsjeka za povijesne znanosti Zavoda za povijesne i društvene znanosti Hrvatske akademije znanosti i umjetnosti
Volume 33
Issue
ISSN: 1848-896X
1330-7134
Popis: U zadarskom Državnom arhivu postoji velik dio neobjavljene građe koja se odnosi na srednjovjekovni Zadar. Među tom građom nalaze se brojni notarski spisi, iz kojih su se crpili podaci u cilju rasvjetljavanja ekonomskih, društvenih, pravno-političkih i kulturnih aspekata srednjovjekovne gradske komune i njena zaleđa te u cilju razrješenja problema etnogeneze. Tu je građu potrebno sagledati i u filološkom kontekstu radi upotpunjavanja slike o komunikaciji među ljudima različite društvene, kulturne i jezične pripadnosti koji su težili k pravnoj uniformiranosti svoje šire društvene zajednice. U tom je pogledu temelj sporazumijevanja bila komunikacija na latinskom jeziku koji je prevladavao njihovu različitost, ali je i tu različitost apsorbirao. To se opaža u notarskim spisima u čiji su srednjovjekovni latinski jezični korpus utkane brojne riječi slavenskoga i romanskoga podrijetla. Stoga se na osnovi analize pojedinih vrsta isprava iz notarskih spisa Petra zvanog Perencan iz Padove (1361.-1392.) izdvajaju termini iz vernakularnih jezika u latinskom jezičnom korpusu uzimajući u obzir da je jezik odraz promjena koje se događaju u sociolingvističkom kontekstu, potaknutih gospodarskim i kulturnim kretanjima određenoga razdoblja. Također se pokušava rasvijetliti problem odvijanja komunikacije među ljudima različite društvene i etničke pripadnosti u doticaju s latinskim administrativnim jezikom budući da o tome nedostaju eksplicitne obavijesti iz povijesnih vrela za zadarsku komunu.
A great number of notarial deeds existing in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries indicate that this period was a turning point in the development of the mental system of medieval man. Notarial deeds, including those recorded by Notary Peter de Lemicetis from Padua, known as Perençanus, who came to Zadar in the 1360s as a notary and operated there till the beginning of the 1390s, reveal to a considerable extent the new spirit, which advanced the self-awareness of individuals in Dalmatian communes during this period of economic prosperity. These deeds show that an increasing number of members of the lower social layers of Slavonic (that is, Croatian) origin got involved in legal regulation of their rights and obligations in accordance with the regulations of statutes of their communes. Such regulations were composed during the Middle Ages in the Latin language, yet, in spite of that, they were intended to be well known to everyone, regardless of any appurtenance to any particular social layer, and regardless of linguistic barriers, such as existed in bilingual Zadar, where Romance and Croatian vernaculars were used in everyday life. Because of the lack of explicit data on the communication between the members of the lower social classes of Croatian origin coming from the wider areas of Zadar’s hinterland, who spoke only Croatian, and notaries, who spoke Italian and Latin, the answer to the question of their mutual communication and its modalities has to be found in notarial deeds composed on their behalf. The analysis of participants in such deeds showed beyond doubt that any linguistic gap was overcome thanks to the patricians and members of the clergy of Zadar. Namely, as the possessors of lands in the district of Zadar with bilingual competences, they played the role of second contractor in a high percentage of cases, or they were recorded as witnesses in deeds such as carta procurationis, carta concessionis ad pastinandum, carta emptionis. Besides that, notaries with a long service record, such as Peter Perençanus, most probably learned the Slavonic vernacular in order to facilitate their communication with clients. In his case, such a supposition may be fully supported by his statement that he, in his capacity as notary, informed some female clients, among whom there were also some of Slavonic origin, about Veleian’s senatorial opinion.
Databáze: OpenAIRE
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