Christians and Culture in Croatia

Autor: Ivan Supičić
Jazyk: chorvatština
Rok vydání: 2000
Předmět:
Zdroj: Bogoslovska smotra
Volume 70
Issue 3-4
ISSN: 1848-9648
0352-3101
Popis: Pojam i realnost kulture toliko su složeni i široki da je o njima nemoguće sažeto i jednoznačno govoriti. Pogotovo ako ih se uzme u njihovu cjelovitom, sveobuhvatnom smislu, kao više ili manje svjesno, racionalno oblikovanje načina života ljudskih skupina, naroda, ali i pojedinaca u njima, a tako i kao grupni mentalitet, psihologiju i osjećajno-doživljajnu sferu koji se iz tog oblikovanja ne mogu isključiti. U tom najširem smislu kultura, dakle, uključuje i egzistencijalnu i misaonu, te dakako i duhovnu stranu: političku i gospodarsku organizaciju društva, ali i umjetnost i znanost, jezik i pismenost, te napose religiju. U tom smislu pojam kulture obuhvaća i pojam civilizacije ili se pak s njime više ili manje, čak gotovo potpuno poklapa. No o kulturi se može govoriti i s dva druga, različita stajališta: o kulturi kao produktu, to jest o njezinim »vanjskim« rezultatima, djelima i objektima na svim područjima, te o kulturi kao uljuđenosti, odgojenosti, intelektualnom i duhovnom stanju svijesti, te o rastu i razvijenosti pojedinaca, ljudskih skupina i naroda na tim razinama. Ograničujući se ovdje poglavito na subjektivnu i duhovnu stranu problematike, iznad svega valja istaći da na tim područjima nema kulture bez humanizacije. Što vrlo lijepo daje naslutiti naša hrvatska riječ uljudba. Kršćanske kulture, u njezinu autentičnom smislu, nema pak pogotovo bez istinskog humanizma, uzetog u njegovu najširem i najdubljem, univerzalnom značenju. No bez njega nema, osobito danas, ni vjerske kulture. Dapače, kako je istaknuo sv. otac Ivan Pavao II., ni sama »vjera koja nije postala kultura, vjera je koja nije prihvaćena potpuno, nije shvaćena cjelovito i nije življena vjerno«. I to zato što je zbiljska vjera samo ona koja je duboko ukorijenjena, koja je prožela i oplemenila čitava čovjeka, ali i ona koju je također sa svoje strane prožela i oplemenila čovjekova humanost, uljuđenost. Bez te uzajamne prožetosti i oplemenjenosti danas je gotovo nemoguće vjerodostojno i uvjerljivo svjedočiti kršćansku poruku. Problemi odnosa vjere i kulture, napose pitanja inkulturacije, ali i druga, koja se postavljaju na sociološkom planu, a kojima koncilski i drugi crkveni dokumenti poklanjaju sve veću pozornost, kako na teološkoj tako i na pastoralnoj ravni, tek su jedan vrlo važan aspekt stvari koje danas traže svježe, suptilne i složene pristupe i primjerena rješenja. Tu su prvotni zadaci odgovarajuća evangelizacija kulture, ali nezaobilazno i kultura evangelizacije. Na općem planu ljudske povijesti krajnji je i najviši zadatak kršćana, tako i u Hrvatskoj, trajno građenje i postupno što punije ostvarivanje jedne cjelovite humanističke civilizacije i kulture: na društvenoj razini civilizacije ljubavi, a na osobnoj razini kulture svetosti.
The reality of culture and the notion itself are so complex and broad that it is impossible to talk about them concisely and unambiguously. Especially if they are taken in their integral and holistic sense, i.e. as more or less the conscious, rational forming of lifestyles of nations, groups of individuals and individuals, and thus as a group mentality, psychology and sphere of feelings and experiences, which cannot be omitted from this process of formation. Therefore, the notion of culture also includes, in its broadest sense, the existential and rational as well as spiritual side: it includes the political and economic organization of society as well as art and science, language and literacy and in particular, religion. In this sense, the notion of culture also comprises the notion of civilization, or rather it almost completely corresponds with it. Nevertheless, culture can be discussed from two different points of view: culture as a product, i.e. its »external« results, artifacts, and objects in all fields of human activities; and culture as civilized behavior, virtuousness, an intellectual and spiritual state of consciousness, as well as growing up and the development of an individual, groups of individuals and nations at these levels. Restricting ourselves mainly to the subjective and spiritual side of the problem, it should be particularly pointed out that in these areas culture is impossible without humanization. In the Croatian language, this is implied by the suitable word uljudba (civilized behavior). There is no Christian culture in its authentic sense without true humanism in its broadest and deepest universal meaning. Nevertheless, there is no religious culture without humanism, especially nowadays. As a matter of fact, as the Holy Father, Pope John Paul II, pointed out »a religion which has not become a culture is a not completely accepted, holistically understood and truly lived religion«. This is so because a genuine religion is only a deep-rooted religion, which has permeated and enriched the entire man, but also a religion which has been permeated and enriched by man's humanity and civilized behavior. Nowadays, it is almost impossible to witness a Christian message in a dignified and convincing manner without this mutual permeation and enrichment. Issues such as the relationship between religion and culture, particularly the issue of contextualization of religion as well as other issues, which occur within the sociological context and are given so much thought in the Council and other ecclesiastical documents both at the theological and pastoral level, represent only one important aspect of the problem which at the present time requires fresh, subtle and complex approaches and adequate solutions. Primary tasks in this sense are the adequate evangelization of culture and inevitably cultural evangelization. Within the general context of the history of mankind, the ultimate and greatest task of Christians, and thus also of Christians in Croatia, is keep building in order to create an integrally humanistic civilization and culture: at the social level, it comprises a civilization of love and at personal level, a culture of sanctity.
Databáze: OpenAIRE
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