COATS OF ARMS OF SENJ'S RITTER – VITEZOVIĆ AND HERALDRY IN THE WORKS OF PAVAO RITTER VITEZOVIĆ

Autor: ENVER LJUBOVIĆ
Jazyk: chorvatština
Rok vydání: 2011
Předmět:
Zdroj: Senjski zbornik : prilozi za geografiju, etnologiju, gospodarstvo, povijest i kulturu
Volume 38
Issue 1
ISSN: 1849-0999
0582-673X
Popis: Autor u članku opisuje poznatu senjsku plemićku obitelj Ritter Vitezović, koja je kao stara viteška plemićka obitelj još od 1365. imala rodoslovlje i grb s plemićkim pridjevkom "von Frendorf", i koja se početkom 16. st. iz Alsasa, gdje je pripadala starom praplemstvu, doselila u Senj. Jedna grana obitelji odlazi u Češku od koje potječe i senjska grana Rittera Vitezovića. U radu je prikazan stari grb obitelji te grb iz grbovnice o dodjeli plemstva i grba iz 1652. godine. Obitelj Ritter je u Senju veoma rano kroatizirala svoje staro prezime i nosila prezime Vitezović. Plemstvo i grb dobili su 15. listopada 1652. godine od kralja Ferdinanda III. u Pragu, a dodijeljeno je Antunu Ritteru Vitezoviću, njegovoj ženi Doroteji, braći Jurju i Ivanu, te sinu Pavlu, koji je te godine rođen. Plemstvo Rittera Vitezovića proglašeno je i potvrđeno na Hrvatskom saboru. Prvi se doselio u Senj Antun Ritter, koji je bio stražmeštar na tvrđavi Nehaj, imao titulu kneza i bio je porkulab u Ledenicama, a sudjelovao je u bitci kod Klisa 1537. Svakako jedan od najistaknutijih članova ove obitelji bio je Pavao Ritter Vitezović, koji je rođen u Senju 12. siječnja 1652., a školovao se u Senju i Zagrebu. Bio je povjesničar, arhivist, heraldičar, kartograf, tiskar, književnik i leksikograf, zastupnik Senja u Ugarsko-hrvatskom saboru u Požunu (Bratislava). Radio je i učio kod kranjskog baruna J. W. Valvasora u Bogenšperku u Kranjskoj. Osim književnosti Pavao Ritter Vitezović bavio se i pomoćnim povijesnim znanostima, a posebice geneaologijom, heraldikom i sfragistikom. Napisao je zbirku ilirskih grbova pod nazivom (Stematografija ili opis, objašnjenje i rekonstrukcija ilirskih grbova) "Stemmatographia sive armorum Illyricorum delineatio, descriptio et restitutio", tiskanu u Beču 1701., a drugo izdanje je tiskano u Zagrebu 1702. godine. Vitezović je prvi u Hrvatskoj uveo grboslovno nazivlje na latinskom jeziku te odredio značenje boja u heraldici, a za njegovo zanimanje za heraldiku bio je presudan njegov boravak kod Valvasora u Kranjskoj. U zbirci grofa Marsiglija u Bologni je pronađen Vitezovićev rukopis pod nazivom (Izvorni grbovi ilirskih kraljevstavâ i provincijâ) Regnorum et proviciarum Illyricorum insignia genuina. Utemeljitelj je hrvatske državotvorne ideje i preteča narodnog preporoda kod Hrvata, a također je želio provesti jedinstvo pravopisa i jezika. Zbog golemih zasluga u borbi s Turcima dva puta je odlikovan visokim odličjem Zlatnog carskog viteza (eques aureatus). Bio je utemeljitelj i vlasnik Zemaljske tiskare u Zagrebu, a umro je daleko od domovine i potomaka u potpunoj bijedi 20. siječnja 1713. u Beču, gdje je i pokopan.
In the article the author describes the well-known noble of Senj, the Ritter-Vitezovićs, which as an old knight's noble family, who since 1365 has had genealogy and a noble coat of arms with the agnomen of "von Frendorf", began in the 16th century from Alsace, where it belonged to ancient aristocracy, and then moved to Senj. One branch of the family went to the Czech Republic also from where the Senj branch of Ritter-Vitezovi!s originates. In the paper is presented the old family coat of arms and the arms from the grant of nobility and herald from 1652. The Ritter family in Senj very early on Croatized its old surname and carried the surname Vitezović. They received nobility and the coats of arms on 15th October 1652 from King Ferdinand III in Prague. Nobility and coat of arms were granted to Antun Ritter Vitezović, his wife Doroteja, brothers Juraj and Ivan, and son Pavao, who was born that year. The nobility of the Ritter-Vitezovićs was announced and confirmed in the Croatian parliament. The first to move to Senj was Antun Ritter, who was a sergeant at the Nehaj fortress and had the title of prince and who was also provost-marshal in Ledenice, and who participated in battles near Klis in 1537. Certainly one of the most prominent members of this family was Pavao Ritter Vitezović, who was born in Senj on 12th January 1652, and went to school in Senj and Zagreb. He was an historian, archivist, heraldist, cartographer, printer, poet and a representative of Senj in the Hungarian-Croatian parliament in Bratislava. He worked and taught with Kranjska Baron I.W. Valvasor in Bogenšperk in Kranjska. Besides literature he was also involved in auxiliary historical sciences, especially genealogy, heraldry and sphragistics. He wrote a collection of socalled Illyrian heralds under the title of Stemmatographia, sive armorum Illyricorum delineatio, descriptio et restitutio, which was printed in Vienna in 1701, with a second edition being printed in Zagreb in 1702. Vitezovi! was the first in Croatia to introduce heraldry terminology in Latin and to set the importance of colours into heraldry, and his interest in heraldry was crucial for his stay with Valvasor in Kranjska. In the collection of Count Marsiglija in Bologna a manuscript written by Vitezovi! under the title of Regnorum et proviciarum Illyricorum insignia genuina was found. He is the founder of Croatian nation-building ideas and the forerunner of the national revival amongst Croats, he also wanted to achieve unity in spelling and language. Due to his great service in battle against the Turks he was twice awarded with the decoration of Golden Imperial Knight (eques aureatus). He was the founder and owner of “Zemaljske tiskare” press in Zagreb, and he died far away from his homeland and descendants in complete poverty on 20th January 1713 in Vienna, where he was also buried.
Databáze: OpenAIRE
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