Izučavanje neurodegenerativnih bolesti na kvascu kao modelnom organizmu
| Autor: | Josip Škara, Sergej Nadalin, Alena Buretić-Tomljanović, Branka Blagović |
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| Jazyk: | chorvatština |
| Rok vydání: | 2016 |
| Předmět: | |
| Zdroj: | Medicina Fluminensis : Medicina Fluminensis Volume 52 Issue 1 |
| ISSN: | 1848-820X 1847-6864 |
| Popis: | U ovom su radu opisani mogući mehanizmi uključeni u nastanak najčešćih neurodegenerativnih bolesti (Alzheimerove, Huntingtonove i Parkinsonove) s posebnim naglaskom na istraživanjima etiopatogeneze i suvremenih terapijskih mogućnosti provedenih na kvascu kao modelnom organizmu. Kombinacija jednostavnosti eksperimentalnog pristupa, visokog stupnja očuvanosti metaboličkih puteva s višim eukariotima te relativne jednostavnosti genoma, proteoma i lipidoma čine kvasac idealnim modelnim organizmom za izučavanje homeostaze i funkcije proteina i lipida, između ostalog i u neurodegenerativnim bolestima. Kvasac predstavlja puno jednostavniji no ipak biološki kompletan sustav na kojem se mogu provoditi temeljna istraživanja različitih utjecaja – kako genetskih tako i okolišnih – na brži, jeftiniji i etički prihvatljiviji način u usporedbi sa životinjskim modelima. S obzirom na to da novija istraživanja upućuju na poremećaj dinamike mitohondrija u navedenim bolestima, u radu je detaljnije obrađena uloga mitohondrija u mogućoj etiopatogenezi različitih neurodegenerativnih procesa. Kako je jedna od zajedničkih značajki neurodegenerativnih bolesti poremećena homeostaza membranskih proteina i lipida, uključujući one mitohondrijske, a zbog sve više dokaza o važnosti lipida ne samo za građu, već i za funkcioniranje membranskih sustava, u radu su detaljnije prikazani mehanizmi djelovanja membranskih lipida. Naposljetku, s obzirom na složenost i heterogenost metabolizma lipida, opisane su razlike u glavnim metaboličkim putovima lipida između sisavaca i kvasaca. This paper describes the possible mechanisms involved in the development of the most common neurodegenerative diseases (Alzheimer’s, Huntington’s and Parkinson’s), with special emphasis on the research of their etiopathogenesis and modern therapeutic methods, conducted on yeast as a model organism.The simplicity of experimental approach, high degree of conservation of metabolic pathways from higher eukaryotes and the relative simplicity of genome, proteome and lipids, make yeast an ideal model organism for the study of homeostasis and function of proteins and lipids, including in neurodegenerative diseases. Yeast is a much simpler yet complete biological system in which basic research of various influences – both genetic and environmental – can be carried out in faster, cheaper and ethically more acceptable manner compared with animal models. Given that recent studies discovered disordered mitochondrial dynamics in these diseases, the paper also elaborates the role of mitochondria in the possible etiopathogenesis of different neurodegenerative processes. Another common feature of neurodegenerative diseases is disturbed homeostasis of membrane proteins and lipids. Because of the increasing evidence of lipid importance for normal functioning of the membranous systems, the paper presents the mechanisms of action of membrane lipids. Finally, since lipid metabolism is very complex, we describe differences in the main metabolic lipid pathways between mammals and yeasts. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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