Summary: Schooling in the Austrian province of Istria from the close of the 19th century to the end of the First World War

Autor: Kirinčić, Ana
Jazyk: chorvatština
Rok vydání: 2021
Předmět:
Zdroj: Krčki zbornik : godišnjak Povijesnog društva otoka Krka
Issue 76
ISSN: 2975-3546
0455-0609
Popis: Devetnaesto stoljeće je stoljeće nacija jer su u njemu nastale mnoge nacije koje su osnovale svoje nacionalne države. Kod mnogih naroda koji su težili svojim državama probuđena je nacionalna svijest, ali nisu ih mogli osnovati zbog različitih zapreka. Hrvatske zemlje su poslije Nagodbe bile podijeljene na austrijski dio – Pokrajine Istra i Dalmacija i mađarski dio – Banska Hrvatska, Slavonija i Rijeka. U Pokrajinama Istri i Dalmaciji dolazi do borbe između istarskih i dalmatinskih Talijana koji su najmalobrojniji, a sebe smatraju Istrijanima koji ne nose grubu odjeću od domaćeg platna i opanke, a imaju sve – i novac, državu i vlast koju su dobili u Istarskom saboru zahvaljujući zakonu koji nije predviđao opće pravo glasa, nego pravo glasa prema imovinskom cenzusu. Nasuprot njih nalazi se istarski i dalmatinski puk, većinom ruralno stanovništvo, Hrvati i Slovenci koji su slušali staroslavensku misu, a u matične knjige upisivali se glagoljicom. Kod Talijana – najprije u Italiji, a potom i u Pokrajinama Istri i Dalmaciji – javlja se iredentizam čiji je cilj asimilacija hrvatskog i slovenskog stanovništva, denacionalizacija i pripajanje tih krajeva Kraljevini Italiji, odnosno stvaranje Velike Italije. Sve je to opravdavano tobožnjom zaštitom sunarodnjaka talijanske manjine u Pokrajinama te očuvanjem tobože ugroženog talijanskog jezika i kulture. Prijelomna godina bila je 1861., kada je osnovan i sazvan Pokrajinski sabor Istre koji će postati poprište sukoba talijanske manjine, ali parlamentarne i slavenske većine te parlamentarne manjine u sklopu kojega će se pojaviti narodni preporod u Istri. Iste je godine formuliran i prvi iredentistički program koji će u velikoj mjeri odrediti talijansko-austrijske odnose, ali i talijansko-hrvatsko-slovenske odnose.
The 19th century was the century of nations, because during it many nations were established which then went on to form their own nation states. National consciousness arose among the many peoples who aspired to have their own states, but they were unable to establish them. After the 1867 Compromise between Austria and Hungary, the Croatian territories were divided into Austrian (the provinces of Istria and Dalmatia) and Hungarian parts (Civil Croatia, Slavonia and the city of Rijeka). In the provinces of Istria and Dalmatia, a struggle broke out. On one side were the Istrian and Dalmatian Italians, who were the fewest in number but who considered themselves genuine Istrians and Dalmatians who did not wear clothing made of coarse homespun fabric and opanci (traditional peasant leather footwear) and who had everything – money, the state and the power granted to them in the Istrian Diet thanks to a law that did not stipulate universal suffrage but rather franchise based on property requirements. They were opposed by the Istrian and Dalmatian commoners, mostly rural inhabitants, Croats and Slovenes who attended mass delivered in Church Slavonic and wrote records in their registers in the Glagolitic script. Irredentism grew among the Italians – first in Italy itself, and then in the provinces of Istria and Dalmatia. Its goal was to assimilate the Croatian and Slovenian populations and to denationalize and annex these territories to the Kingdom of Italy, i.e., to create a Great Italy. All of this was justified by the supposed protection of their countrymen, the Italian minorities in the provinces, and to preserve the supposedly threatened Italian language and culture. A watershed year was 1861, when the Provincial Diet of Istria was established and convened. It would become the focus of conflict between the Italian minority (albeit with a parliamentary majority) and the Slavic majority population (with a parliamentary minority). The national awakening in Istria emerged against this backdrop. The first irredentist programme appeared that same year; it would largely dictate the course of ItalianAustrian relations, as well as Italian-Croatian-Slovenian relations.
Databáze: OpenAIRE
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