INFLUENCE OF MUCUNA FALLOW ON TURMERIC PERFORMANCE, WEED FLORA DIVERSITYAND SOIL FERTILITY

Autor: P.M. Olorunmaiye, D. Olaleye
Jazyk: angličtina
Rok vydání: 2012
Předmět:
Zdroj: Agronomski glasnik : Glasilo Hrvatskog agronomskog društva
Volume 74
Issue 1
ISSN: 1848-8900
0002-1954
Popis: A study to determine the performance of turmeric, weed species diversity and soil attributes using mucuna as a fallow crop to replace Panicum maximum vegetation on non fallowed land was carried out at the National Horticultural Research Institute (NIHORT), Ibadan between 2009 and 2010 cropping seasons. The experimental site was completely and highly infested by Panicum maximum prior to the commencement of the experiment. In the early growing season of 2009, the land was ploughed and harrowed and the seeds of Mucuna jaspeada were sown at 0.40 m × 0.40 m in May, 2009 to serve as a fallow crop. The mucuna seeds were harvested at maturity while the plant residue and litters that remained on the soil during the dry season were ploughed into the soil before 2m × 2m beds were prepared in the following cropping season for planting turmeric. Three treatments were imposed which included the mucuna fallowed land alone, mucuna fallowed land + inorganic fertilizer of NPK 15:15:15 at 60 kg/ha and mucuna fallowed land + organic fertilizer at 5 t/ha, were arranged in a randomized complete block design with three replicates. Results showed that the application of inorganic fertilizer to turmeric planted and sown with mucuna significantly increased plant height, average number of tillers and rhizome yield to 47.3 cm, 14.00 per plant, 0.81 t/ha compared with 30.0 cm, 10.0 tillers per plant and 0.60 t/ha for mucuna fallow plus organic matter and 26.0 cm, 6.7 tillers per plant and 0.37 t/ha for mucuna fallow alone. Soil N and available P increased slightly from 0.75 g/kg and 10.1 mg/kg respectively the previous year before the land was fallowed to 1.00 g/kg and 11.5 mg/kg respectively after mucuna crop. Five weed species: Amaranthus spinosus, Brachiaria deflexa, Calopogonium mucunoides, Gomphrena celosoides and Panicum maximum occurred all through the sampling periods. However, the incidence of Panicum maximum was greatly reduced by the mucuna fallow 10 months after the establishment of mucuna as its relative density reduced to 18.28% as opposed to 100% land cover visually rated before the commencement of the experiment.
Istraživanje s ciljem utvrđivanja značajki kurkume, raznovrsnosti korovne flore i plodnosti tla korištenjem mucune kao zelenog ugara sa svrhom zamjene populacije Panicum maximum na neobrađenom tlu obavljeno je u Nacionalnom istraživačkom institutu za hortikulturu (NIHORT) u Ibadanu tijekom vegetacijske sezone 2009. i 2010. godine. Prije početka istraživanja pokusna parcela bila je potpuno zakorovljena vrstom Panicum maximum. Početkom vegetacijske sezone u 2009. godini parcela je izorana i drljana te je u svibnju za zeleni ugar posijana Mucuna jaspeada na razmak 0,40 x 0,40 m. Žetva mucune je obavljena u punoj zriobi sjemena, dok su biljni ostaci ostali na površini tla tijekom sušnog razdoblja. Zaorani su u narednoj vegetacijskoj sezoni prije pripreme gredica veličine 2 m x 2 m za sadnju kurkume. Istraživana su tri tretmana koji su obuhvaćali: površinu zasijanu samo macunom, površinu zasijanu macunom+mineralno gnojivo NPK 15:15:15 u količini od 60 kg/ha i površinu zasijanu macunom+organsko gnojivo u količini 5 t/ha. Tretmani su postavljeni po slučajnom bloknom rasporedu u tri ponavljanja. Rezultati su pokazali da je primjena mineralnog gnojiva i mucune signifikantno povećala visinu biljka kurkume, prosječan broj izdanaka po biljci i prinos rizoma na 47,3 cm, 14.00 po biljci i 0,81t/ha u usporedbi s 30,0cm, 10,0 izdanaka po biljci i 0,60 t/ha kod tretmana s mucunom + organsko gnojivo i 26,0 cm, 6.7 izdanaka po biljci i 0.37 t/ha kod tretmana gdje je primijenjena samo mucuna. Dušik (N) i pristupačni fosfor (P) u tlu su neznatno porasli s 0,75 g/kg i 10,1 mg/kg koliko su iznosili prije nego je posijana mucuna, na 1,00 g/kg i 11,5 mg/kg nakon primjene tretmana s mucunom. Pet korovnih vrsta: Amaranthus spinosus, Brachiaria deflexa, Calopogonium mucunoides, Gomphrena celosoides i Panicum maximum javljale su se tijekom čitavog istraživanja. Međutim, primjenom macune pojava Panicum maximum znatno se smanjila 10 mjeseci nakon etabliranja mucune. Tako se relativna gustoća ove vrste smanjila na 18,28% u odnosu na 100%-tno pokrivenost tla utvrđenu vizualnom procjenom prije postavljanja pokusa.
Databáze: OpenAIRE
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