Do kosti: Imenice hrvatske i -sklonidbe
| Autor: | Ivan Marković |
|---|---|
| Jazyk: | chorvatština |
| Rok vydání: | 2007 |
| Předmět: | |
| Zdroj: | Lahor : časopis za hrvatski kao materinski, drugi i strani jezik Volume 1 Issue 3 |
| ISSN: | 1848-4972 1846-2197 |
| Popis: | Hrvatski ima tri (osnovne) imeniˇcke sklonidbe. Pripadnost koje imenice ai e-sklonidbi u velikoj je mjeri predvidiva na temelju njezina nominativnoga nastavka. Pripadnost imenica i-sklonidbi predvidiva je samo u imenica izvedenih sufiksima -¯ost i -¯ad. U jednome broju imenica ona je medutim nepredvidiva. U radu se one nastoje pobrojiti te se na temelju uoˇcenih njihovih svojstava ukratko razmatra budu´cnost i-sklonidbe. Croatian has three (basic) noun declensions. Affiliation of a noun to the a- or the e-declension is mostly prediclable on the basis of its nominative ending. Affiliation of a noun to the i-declension is predictable only in the case of nouns derived with suffixes -¯ost and -¯ad. According to data found in several Croatian grammars, there are about 250 underived Croatian nouns affiliated to the i-declension whose inflectional type is unpredictable from their nominative singular ending. However, not even an uncomplete list of those nouns exists, neither is it fully clear how the number of 250 is reached. In the present paper a list of 275 such a contemporary nouns is presented. The vast majority of listed nouns are derived nouns, and only a smaller part of them is underived. Except for nouns avet ‘apparition’, skerlet ‘scarlet’, varoˇs ‘(smaller) town’, the nouns in question are native ones. Borrowed nouns are not incorporated into the i-declension; they either acquire the aor the e-declension paradigm by transmorphemisation (Fr. la bouteille ! butelja ‘bottle (of vine)’ – G butelje) or change their original gender and become a-declension nouns (Germ. die Stimmung ! ˇstimung ‘mood’ – G ˇstimunga). Several nouns of i-declension can have both feminine and masculine gender, and can be inflected by both i- and a-declension ( bol ‘ache’, nouns with the suffix -eˇz, and some other, especially those with smaller frequency; in the case of the former ones the difference in gender has semantical repercusions), which led some researchers to the conclusion that the number of nouns affiliated to the i-declension is decreasing. The author shows that this might just not be so, and that the number of i-declension nouns might be growing. There are several reasons for such a claim: i) the suffix -¯ost is very productive, and it easily adjoins borrowed stems, ii) nouns with suffix -eˇz, when under semantic movement towards ‘collective’, tend to acquire i-declension endings, iii) new nouns can be derived from existing ‘unpredictable’ ones by prefixation and composition, iv) it is also possible that some less frequent nouns of the a-declension begin to show propensity to the i-declension. On the basis of the available data, the author claims that there are 5000–5500 Croatian nouns affiliated to the i-declension. About 250 of them – mostly derived! – ‘unpredictably’. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
| Externí odkaz: |
|