THE ISONZO FRONT IN THE FIRST WORLD WAR: GLASS AMPOULES FOUND IN THE VICTINITY OF THE VILLAGE KRED
| Autor: | Aleš Krbavčić |
|---|---|
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2015 |
| Předmět: | |
| Zdroj: | Acta medico-historica Adriatica : AMHA Volume 13 Issue 1 |
| ISSN: | 1334-6253 1334-4366 |
| Popis: | Objective: To identify the contents of ampoules stored items at the WW I Kobarid Museum, Slovenia. Sources and methods: Analysis of ampoules from the Kobarid Museum using pharmacopoeial methods. Results: The contents of the unlabelled ampoules were identified as calcium hypochlorite, a decontaminant for mustard gas (Yperite). Conclusion: The Isonzo front/Soška fronta was opened on May 24 1915 by the Kingdom of Italy according to a secret London Treaty. In exchange for the opening of this front, the Kingdom of Italy would be granted large tracts of territory in the wesster provinces of the Austro-Hungarian Empire and along the Adriatic coast. The ensuing trench-warfare during the eleven Isonzo battles ended with the 12th battle known as the Kobarid/Karfeit/Caporetto break-thru in October 1917. The joint German and Austro-Hungarian forces waged a massive gas-attack with dichloroarsine and phosgene, which was later disclosed as the horrifying overture to the general disordered retreat of the Italian troops to Piave. The possibility of a chemical attack was underestimated by the Italian high command as shown by the ineffective gas-masks issued to the troops. Hovewer, a recent find of ampoules with calcium hypochlorite at the village of Kred, now exhibited at the Kobarid WWI Museum, leads to the conclusion that the Italian IVth army’s command, located in Kred, considered decontamination measures against Yperite necessary. Cilj: Identifikacija sadržine ampula iz zbirke predmeta iz Prvog svjetskog rata izloženim u Kobariškom muzeju, Slovenija. Izvori i metode rada: Nesignirane ampule izvorom iz zbirke muzeja u Kobaridu analizirati farmakopejskim metodama i objasniti moguću upotrebu. Rezultati: Sadržaj je identificiran kao kalcijev hipoklorit, dekontaminant za iperit. Zaključak: Fronta uz Soču / Isonzo front započeta je 24. svibnja 1915. kada je Kraljevina Italija sukladno tajnom Londonskom sporazumu napala Austro-Ugarsko carstvo, da bi pridobila opširne teritorialne koncesije na račun Austro-Ugarskih zapadnih provincija i Jadranske obale. Rasplamsali rovovski rat je nakon jedanaest Soških bitaka završio dvanaestom, poznatom kao proboj kod Kobarida u listopadu 1917.. Udružene snage Njemačke i Austro-Ugarske su riskirale opsežan napad dikloroarsinom i fosgenom, što se kasnije pokazalo kao strahovita uvertira u neorganizirano povlačenje talijanske vojske prema Piavi. Mogućnost kemijskog rata na Soškom frontu talijanska komanda nije ocijenila ozbiljnom prijetnjom što pokazuje nedovoljna opremljenost plinskim maskama. Ipak nedavni nalaz ampula s kalcijevim hipokloritom u blizini sela Kred dozvoljava zaključak, da je tamo locirana Komanda IV. talijanske armade imala informacije o zaštiti od iperita. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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