Adverse Effects in Workers Exposed to Inorganic Lead

Autor: Sašo Stoleski, Jovanka Karadžinska-Bislimovska, Elisaveta Stikova, Snežana Risteska-Kuc, Dragan Mijakoski, Jordan Minov
Jazyk: angličtina
Rok vydání: 2008
Předmět:
Zdroj: Arhiv za higijenu rada i toksikologiju
Volume 59
Issue 1
ISSN: 1848-6312
0004-1254
Popis: This paper describes a retrospective cohort study comparing 60 workers occupationally exposed to inorganic lead and 60 matched controls. All subjects were assessed using data obtained from a specially designed Questionnaire for lead exposure and toxic effects assessment, physical examination, spirometry, ECG, and laboratory tests including blood lead level (BLL) and biomarkers of lead toxic effects. Muscle pain, droopiness, and work-related nasal symptoms were significantly more frequent in lead workers. The prevalence of lung symptoms was higher in lead workers than in controls, but not significantly (20 % vs. 6.6 %, respectively). Mean values of BLL and δ-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) were significantly higher in lead workers. The activity of δ-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD) in lead workers was significantly lower than in controls. Abnormal of BLL, ALAD, and ALA were more frequent in lead workers, with statistical difference for BLL and ALAD. Inverse correlation was found between BLL and ALAD, and positive correlation between BLL and age, years of employment, and years of exposure. Inverse correlation was found between ALAD and age, years of employment, years of exposure, blood pressure, alcohol consumption, and years of alcohol consumption. Changes in spirometry correlated inversely with BLL. A positive correlation was found between BLL and erythrocyte count and haemoglobin concentration, whereas it was inverse for ALAD and haemoglobin concentration. A significant difference was found for BLL and ALAD, with a very high odds ratio (14.64 and 7.23, respectively) and high relative risk (4.18 and 3.08, respectively). Our data have confirmed the association between occupational lead exposure and deviation in specific biological markers of lead effect and between the role of occupational exposure in the development of adverse effects.
Napravljeno je retrospektivno ispitivanje koje je obuhvatilo 60 radnika profesionalno izloženih anorganskomu olovu te skupinu od 60 kontrolnih ispitanika. Ispitivanje se temeljilo na posebnome upitniku o izloženosti olovu i procjeni toksičnoga djelovanja, liječničkome pregledu, spirometriji, EKG-u te laboratorijskim pretragama za olovo u krvi i toksične učinke olova. Statistički značajno zastupljeniji simptomi zamijećeni u izloženih radnika bili su bol u mišićima i klonulost te teškoće s disanjem na nos povezane s poslom. Zastupljenost plućnih teškoća bila je nešto viša u radnika izloženih olovu, ali ne značajno (20 % naprema 6,6 %). Srednje razine olova i delta-aminolevulinske kiseline (d-ALA) u krvi bile su značajno više u izloženih radnika. Usto je i aktivnost enzima dehidrataze d-ALA (ALAD) bila značajno niža negoli u kontrolnih ispitanika. Učestaliji abnormalni nalazi olova, ALAD-a i d-ALA zamijećeni su u krvi radnika izloženih olovu, a statistička je značajnost zabilježena za olovo i ALAD. Inverzna je korelacija utvrđena između olova i ALAD-a u krvi, a pozitivna korelacija između olova u krvi i dobi, godina zaposlenja, godina izloženosti, krvnoga tlaka, konzumacije alkohola i godina konzumacije alkohola. Promjene u spirometrijskim parametrima inverzno su korelirale s olovom u krvi. Pozitivno su korelirali olovo u krvi i broj eritrocita te koncentracija hemoglobina, a inverzno ALAD i koncentracija hemoglobina. Značajne su razlike uočene za olovo u krvi odnosno ALAD s visokim omjerom izgleda (14.64 odnosno 7.23), a također za relativni rizik (4.18 odnosno 3.08). Naši podaci potvrđuju povezanost između profesionalne izloženosti olovu i abnormalnih nalaza specifičnih biopokazatelja djelovanja olova te upućuju na ulogu profesionalne izloženosti u nastanku štetnih učinaka.
Databáze: OpenAIRE
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