The 'Predictability of Events' in the Jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights: Did the Authorities Know or Ought They to Have Known About Actual or Imminent Risk?

Autor: Hrvoje Filipović
Jazyk: chorvatština
Rok vydání: 2019
Předmět:
Zdroj: Hrvatski ljetopis za kaznene znanosti i praksu
Volume 26
Issue 1
ISSN: 2670-9996
2459-6531
Popis: Policija ima vodeću ulogu u zaštiti života ljudi, i to ne samo kroz reaktivnu ulogu već i kroz proaktivno djelovanje, koje je kroz recentnu praksu Europskog suda za ljudska prava dobilo novu (stvarnu i pravnu) dimenziju. U radu se analizira pozitivna obveza države da donosi učinkovite normativne i provedbene mjere u cilju zaštite života. Sudska praksa Europskog suda za ljudska prava iskristalizirala je kriterij "predvidljivosti događaja" u utvrđivanju nastanka pozitivne obveze države, na temelju kojega se može utvrditi da su vlasti znale ili su trebale znati za postojanje stvarnog i neposrednog rizika za život identificirane osobe, a da su propustile poduzeti mjere u okviru svojih ovlasti za koje se, prema razumnoj prosudbi, moglo očekivati da će spriječiti taj rizik. Navedeni kriterij Europski sud za ljudska prava već je više puta primjenjivao kod ocjene događaja, ali autor smatra da se tek od donošenja Direktive 2012/29/EU dodatno afirmirao. Upravo je pozitivna obveza središnji dio ovoga rada, koji se obrađuje problemski kroz presudu Bljakaj v. Hrvatska i Tomašić v. Hrvatska, te se upozorava na sve veću važnost procjene rizika za žrtve. Moguće je da će biti sve više predmeta pred Europskim sudom za ljudska prava koji će sadržavati povredu upravo pozitivne obveze, za razliku od negativne i procesne, koje su implementirane u praksi. Zaključno se navode izvorni prijedlozi, koji trebaju unaprijediti način postupanja policije.
The police have a leading role in protecting the lives of people, not only through their reactive role, but also through proactive action that has gained a new (real and legal) dimension through the recent practice of the European Court of Human Rights. This paper analyses the country’s positive obligation to adopt effective normative and enforcement measures to protect life. The European Court of Human Rights case law has crystallised the criterion of the “predictability of events” in determining the emergence of a state’s positive obligation, on the basis of which it can be established that the authorities knew or ought to have known about the existence of real and immediate risks to the life of the identified person so as to take measures within its powers which could reasonably prevent this risk. The European Court of Human Rights has repeatedly applied this criterion for the evaluation of events, but the author considers that it has been further affirmed since the adoption of Directive 2012/29 / EC. It is precisely the positive obligation that is central to this work, which is tackled problematically through Bljakaj v. Croatia and Tomašić v. Croatia, and warns of the increasing importance of risk assessment for victims. It is possible that there will be more and more cases before the European Court of Human Rights that will contain a violation of the very positive obligations, unlike negative and procedural ones, which are implemented in practice. Finally, mention is made of the original suggestions which need to improve how the police act.
Databáze: OpenAIRE
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