Fenotipska stabilnost i adaptabilnost familija običnog oraha (Juglans regia L.) u testovima potomstava

Autor: Tibor Litvay
Jazyk: chorvatština
Rok vydání: 2011
Předmět:
Zdroj: Šumarski list
Volume 135
Issue 13
ISSN: 1846-9140
0373-1332
Popis: U ovom istraživanju analizirana su fenotipska i adaptabilna svojstva familija običnog oraha(Juglans regiaL.) u testu potomstva polusrodnika na lokalitetu Zabrdica i Kozarevac I. Prvi test potomstva polusrodnika običnog oraha na lokalitetu Zabrdica osnovan je 1981. godine, a drugi 1983. godine na području Uprave šuma podružnica Koprivnica, šumarija Sokolovac i Kloštar Podravski. Na površinama od oko 3,5 ha, zasađeno je po pokusu 400 sadnica generativnog porijekla po blok-metodi u četiri ponavljanja. Proučavanje uzajamnog djelovanja nasljeđa i okoline temelji se na pretpostavkama da se sredina mora kontrolirati (uzgoj pod sličnim uvjetima) i da fenotipovi moraju biti poznati, što je u ovim pokusima i učinjeno, posvjećujući pritom posebnu pozornost čimbenicima okoline. U tako planiranim i provedenim pokusima, odnos genotipova i okoline, može se proučavati kroz tzv. fenotipsku stabilnost. Analiza fenotipske stabilnosti familija običnog oraha na lokalitetima (staništima) provedena je modelom regresijske analize, pri čemu su fenotipske vrijednosti (prirast i masa ploda) određene familije prikazane kao linearne funkcije okoline. Za nezavisnu varijablu odabrana je srednja vrijednost odgovarajućeg fenotipskog obilježja svih familija, tj. debljinski prirast, odnosno masa ploda srednjeg stabla na lokalitetu. Rezultati tih analiza navedeni su u tablicama 1. i 2. te prikazani na slikama 4. i 5. Na temelju adaptacijske sposobnosti i produkcijskog potencijala određenog genotipa, može se odrediti uporabna vrijednost za podizanje nasada. Genotipovi s dobrom adaptacijskom sposobnošću i visokom produktivnošću predstavljaju najbolje rješenje uzgoja običnog oraha u nasadima.
Common walnut (Juglans regiaL.) belongs to the most important tree species in the world. With the origin in central Asia it is widespread worldwide except in tropical and subtropical regions. Its broad applications in nourishment, medicine, pharmacology and food processing, wood and leather industry makes it one of the most valuable plant species. The distribution of common walnut in Croatia is more a result of favorable climatic and soil conditions than the organized cultivation. In Croatian common walnut is mostly spread in the hilly terrains around Hrvatsko Zagorje around Požega, Koprivnica, Bjelovar, Daruvar, Kutina, Sisak, Jastrebarsko Ozalj; in Eastern Slavonia around Vukovar and Ilok in Baranja. In Dalmatia around Split, Drniš, and Zadar hinterland, in Primorje in the hinterland of Novi Vinodolski, Crikvenica, Senj, in Istria and part of Herzegovina. This paper presents the results of work on the selection of individual trees and the establishment of halbsib-progeny tests, over the five-year research of quantitative and morphometric traits in progeny tests of common walnut, tested in two habitats. Research sites are located at two locations that were most suitable for testing due to the ecological and soil characteristics of selections in continental part of Croatia. These sites are: Zabrdica, under forestry office Sokolovac and Kozarevac I under the forestry office Kloštar Podravski. The study of interaction between heritage and environment is based on the assumption that environment must be controlled (similar growing conditions) and phenotypes must be known, as done in these experiments, devoting the special attention to environmental factors. In such planned and conducted experiments, relationship between genotype and environment can be studied through so-called phenotypic stability. Analysis of phenotypic stability of common walnut families in the localities (habitats) was conducted in the model of regression analysis in which the phenotypic values (growth and fruit mass) of specific families are shown as a linear function of the environment. For the independent variable it is selected the mean value of the corresponding phenotypic characteristic of families, ie diameter growth and fruit mass of the center tree at the locality. Results are listed in Table 1, 2 and shown in Figure 4, 5. Below average growth stability and specific adaptability to high-yield environment (Zabrdica) showed families Stain 2, 4 and 6, while Stains 12, 13 and 18 showed above average stability and specific adaptability to adverse environment (Kozarevac I). Other families showed the average stability and good adaptability to all environments (Zabrdica and Kozarevac I) (Table 1 and Figure 4). Below average fruit mass stability and specific adaptability to high-yield environment (Kozarevac I) showed only Stain 16, while Stains 1, 3, 4, 6, 15, 17, and 18 showed above average stability and specific adaptability to adverse environment (Zabrdica). Other families showed the average stability and good adaptability to all environments (Zabrdica and Kozarevac I) (Table 2 and Figure 5). Based on adaptation capacity and production potential of the particular genotype can be determined its use-value for plantation raising. Genotypes with good adaptation ability and high productivity are the best solution for growing the common walnut in plantations. The research results provide a good basis for creating the Croatian variety of walnut same as the opportunities for permanent preservation of genetic resources for the common walnut.
Databáze: OpenAIRE
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