Neurorehabilitacija u pacijenata nakon preboljenog moždanog udara
| Autor: | Ana Oljača, Tea Schnurrer-Luke-Vrbanić, Viviana Avancini-Dobrović, Darko Kraguljac |
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| Jazyk: | chorvatština |
| Rok vydání: | 2016 |
| Předmět: | |
| Zdroj: | Medicina Fluminensis : Medicina Fluminensis Volume 52 Issue 2 |
| ISSN: | 1848-820X 1847-6864 |
| Popis: | Moždani udar je naglo nastali žarišni ili globalni neurološki deficit uzrokovan cerebrovaskularnim poremećajem. Simptomi ovise o veličini oštećenja i zahvaćenog područja te o vremenu proteklom od pojave simptoma do dijagnoze. Brzim prepoznavanjem simptoma i prijevozom pacijenta do jedinice akutnog liječenja povećava se udio pacijenata koji se mogu liječiti trombolitičkom terapijom te se na taj način smanjuje moralitet i invaliditet. Rani početak rehabilitacije u akutnoj fazi liječenja iznimno je važan. Ovisno o veličini oštećenja pacijenti se dalje zaprimaju na bolničko liječenje i specijalizirani program neurorehabilitacije, terapiju nastavljaju ambulantno ili se otpuštaju kući, na provođenje kućne rehabilitacije. Kriteriji za prijam su stabilan neurološki status, odsutnost značajnijeg komorbiditeta, prisutnost značajnijeg neuromotornog deficita u najmanje dvije od pet navedenih funkcija: pokretljivost, aktivnost samozbrinjavanja, komunikacija, kontrola stolice i mokrenja, kontrola žvakanja i gutanja. Rana rehabilitacija je ključna jer je oporavak neuroloških deficita najbolji u prva tri mjeseca nakon moždanog udara. Današnji principi neurorehabilitacije temelje se na teoriji neuroplastičnosti. Terapijski program se individualno prilagođava svakom pacijentu i uključuje medicinsku njegu, farmakološku terapiju, pacijenti prolaze specijalizirani program neurorehabilitacije, uz primjenu ortopedskih pomagala, provode se okupacijsko–radne aktivnosti, logopedske vježbe i kognitivni trening. Stroke is characterized by a sudden development of a focal or a global neurological deficit caused by a cerebrovaskular origin. Symptoms vary from the size of the damage and the affected area, and the time elapsed from the onset of the symptoms to their diagnosis. Early recognition of the symptoms and transportation to the hospital increases the proportion of patients who can be treated with thrombolytic therapy and that way reduce the morality and disability of the patients. Early initiation of rehabilitation in acute phase of treatment is of great importance. Depending on the severity of their deficits, patients are admitted into further inpatient neurorehabilitation or are released home to home therapy or they continue their therapy as an outpatient rehabilitation. Criteria for admission are stable neurological status, the absence of significant comorbidities, the presence of significant neurodevelopmental deficits in at least two of the five functions: reduc tion activities in mobility, self-care activities, communication, control of stool and urine, control chewing and swallowing. Early rehabilitation is crucial because the recovery of neurological deficits is most efficent in the first 3 months after the stroke. Today’s principles of neurorehabilitation are based on the theory of neuroplasticity. The therapeutic program is individually adapted to each patient and includes medical care, drug treatment, neurorehabilitation according to the protocol, with the application of orthopedic supplies, occupational activities, speech exercises and cognitive training. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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