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Data availability: No data was used for the research described in the article. Appendix: Summary of relevant work on waste-heat recovery available online at https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0360544223012045?via%3Dihub#appendix . Copyright © 2023 The Author(s).. This work describes technologies especially suitable for enhancing cement production process efficiency and overall plant performance by preheating raw material or generating electricity, thus reducing thermal losses, costs, and carbon dioxide emissions. Assessed systems for this purpose include power cycles such as the Organic Rankine Cycle, Tri-lateral Cycle, and Kalina cycle, and alternatives currently under development, such as thermoelectric generators and supercritical fluid cycles. Likewise, the zones of the cement production process with the most significant waste-heat recovery potential are pointed out, focusing on clinkerisation, which accounts for most of the thermal energy expenditure of a cement plant. In addition, the total carbon dioxide emissions related to cement manufacture and the participation of each production stage are presented. Finally, the potential for waste heat recovery in the cement industry of the first six Latin American producers is reviewed, which covers 82% of the total production in the region, based on the thermal and electrical requirements reported in the literature. The potential for emissions savings of carbon dioxide is estimated under the emission factor for the electricity system in each country. This research is funded by the The Royal Academy of Engineering through the Newton-Caldas Fund IAPP18-19\218 project that provides a framework where industry and academic institutions from Colombia and the UK collaborate in the heat recovery in large industrial systems. |
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