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La osteomielitis esclerosante difusa (OED) es una enfermedad de etiología desconocida, con dificultades para el diagnóstico y tratamiento ya que la literatura existente al respecto es confusa, con un gran desconocimiento respecto a su causa y evolución natural. Existen de dos teorías para explicar su origen: Infecciosa: difícil de confirmar mediante los datos bacteriológicos. Hiperplasia ósea derivada de una tendoperiostitis crónica, por una disfunción muscular y hábitos parafuncionales. Se caracteriza por dolor recurrente y tumefacción hemimandibular, aunque puede presentar otras localizaciones, acompañada habitualmente de trismus, presión y parestesia y adenopatías regionales, cursa de forma episódica. El tratamiento de la OED es complejo, debido a que se han intentado múltiples terapias sin que ninguna haya dado un resultado satisfactorio a largo plazo.Tras revisar el tema, a propósito de un caso clínico, recomendamos roxitromicina a largo plazo como una línea de tratamiento a tener en cuenta en la OED por la eficacia que viene demostrando y los tolerables efectos secundarios, si bien cada caso debido a la complejidad de la enfermedad debe ser revisado individualmente, pero teniendo en cuenta esta opción terapéutica. Diffuse sclerosing osteomyelitis (DSO) is a disease of unknown etiology which is difficult to diagnose and treat as the literature available on the subject is confused, and there is a considerable lack of knowledge with regards to what causes it and its natural evolution. There are two theories explaining its origin. One suggests an infectious origin, but this is difficult to confirm by means of bacteriological data. The other suggests an osseous hyperplasia origin derived from chronic tendoperiostitis as a result of muscular dysfunction and parafunctional habits. The disease is characterized by recurrent pain and hemimandibular tumefaction, although it can present in other locations. It is accompanied normally by trismus, pressure and paresthesia and regional adenopathy. It has an episodic clinical course. Treating DSO is complex due to the fact that many therapies have been tried but with no long-term success. After reviewing the subject as a result of a clinical case, we recommend considering roxithromycin in the long term as a line of treatment for DSO in view of its efficacy and its tolerable secondary effects. Needless to say, each case should be reviewed individually given the complexity of the disease, while taking into account this therapeutic option. |
