Smart City, opportunities, challenges and expectations for businesses
| Autor: | Debos, Franck |
|---|---|
| Přispěvatelé: | Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences de l'Information et de la Communication (SIC.Lab Méditerranée), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA) |
| Jazyk: | francouzština |
| Rok vydání: | 2021 |
| Předmět: | |
| Zdroj: | « Le numérique au service de la créativité et de l’innovation territoriale » « Le numérique au service de la créativité et de l’innovation territoriale », Dec 2021, CANNES, France |
| Popis: | International audience; The Smart City concept aims to respond to the profound changes that society is undergoing, in particular the acceleration of global urbanisation. While this was 54% in 2014, it should reach 66% by 2050. This new approach to the city is based on the interconnection of networks by crossing the data emitted by each of them. The aim is to make these networks "intelligent" in order to predict everyday situations. It is the advent of "smart" and of data that makes it possible to envisage this new urban ecosystem. At this level, data is collected through various media (sensors, meters, NFC chips, GPS, video surveillance, etc.). It is then processed, cross-referenced and analysed (datamining). Finally, they are rendered in a way that is visible and comprehensible to all citizens, at least on a theoretical level. We can also add the fact that, although the smart city currently exploits mainly the data collected by physical sensors (in order to know and monitor the state of the networks), information from social networks - often geolocated - could constitute another promising source for understanding the city. Already, local authorities almost systematically use their Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, Snapchat and even Tik Tok accounts to quickly relay any useful information to connected residents (traffic, works, events, exceptional situations). As for citizens, they have also appropriated social networks in particular to create communities in their cities, for example in sports (Strava, Runtastic) or in the associative sector (organisation of events).Moreover, it is also necessary to integrate the fact that the organisational, technological and societal evolutions of today's cities are induced by their desire to be dynamic players in terms of responses to the problems of sustainable development and in particular climate change. The smart city thus seeks to reconcile the pillars of sustainable development through a global approach combining participatory governance and enlightened management of natural resources in a logic of satisfying the needs and expectations of institutions, companies and citizens.In this context, many companies have taken part in this evolution of the city, either through their natural positioning (Orange, Lafarge, JC Decaux, start-ups, etc.) or through their technical capacity to bring about this change (IBM, Cisco, Thales, etc.). However, not all companies have necessarily taken the full measure of this phenomenon. Yet it seems obvious that local authorities, especially cities, and companies are indeed linked, in order to improve daily life and meet the requirements of the citizen/user/consumer, who represents one and the same person whose uses, expectations, requirements, and even contradictions have evolved considerably since the development of the Internet and smartphones. However, whether in the numerous conferences on the subject or in the articles describing in detail how to make a Smart City a success, there is little mention of the pivotal role that companies must play. The purpose of this paper is to identify the main common challenges and expectations of companies with regard to smart cities, regardless of their sector of activity or size. At the same time, we will look at the evolution of the same companies when they are part of the ecosystem of a smart city.To do this, our approach will consist mainly of- A dozen semi-directive interviews with company managers from all sectors. These interviews will take place during the Smart Cities and Territories exhibition which took place on 20 and 21 October 2021 in Paris (Paris Expo, Portes de Versailles).- There will also be ten semi-directive interviews with representatives of local authorities involved in a "smart" approach.Independently of this, a documentary research on the presented problem will be carried out in addition to these interviews.It will not be a question of having an overly "naive" vision of smart cities and the role of companies in their development. It will therefore also be necessary to take into account the risks of drifting away from these smart cities and the "smart" companies that are part of them, so that they do not become "jail cities or companies". We must not lose sight of the fact that the human dimension must be at the heart of the design of a smart city and that the digitalisation of the city begins at the level of the citizen, his home, his neighbourhood: this is where the link, the interaction, the knowledge of the uses of each actor and each component of the daily life of the 'citizen' employee begins. The area in which they live with their families, express themselves, consume, exchange, contribute and vote. Thus, the transformation of the company will also begin at the level of the employee, his office, his department and his management. We are obviously aware of the fully exploratory nature of our approach and we nevertheless hope to be able to show, through their interrelations and respective expectations, the importance of the role of companies for the proper development of a smart city, while respecting the freedom of the citizens/consumers who make up the city. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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