Dioxins, PCBs, chlorinated pesticides and brominated flame retardants in free-range chicken eggs from peri-urban areas in Arusha, Tanzania: Levels and implications for human health
| Autor: | Polder, A., Müller, M.B., Brynildsrud, O.B., de Boer, J., Hamers, T., Kamstra, J.H., Lie, E., Mdegela, R.H., Moberg, H., Nonga, H.E., Sandvik, M., Skaare, J.U., Lyche, J.L. |
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| Přispěvatelé: | One Health Toxicologie |
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2016 |
| Předmět: |
endosulfan
flame retardant chicken correlation analysis limit of quantitation Dioxins polychlorinated biphenyl derivative World Health Organization Tanzania health hazard lipid deca brominated diphenylether chemical composition controlled study human POPs pesticide environmental monitoring nonhuman provisional tolerable intake octa brominated diphenylether article Chicken eggs reference value risk assessment toxicity bromination dioxin unclassified drug Free-range chlordane Daily intake campheclor bioassay priority journal food contamination chemical analysis hexabromocyclododecane egg 1 2 bis(2 4 6 tribromphenoxy)ethane polybrominated diphenylether urban area |
| Popis: | The environment in the northern part of Tanzania is influenced by rapid population growth, and increased urbanization. Urban agriculture is common and of economic value for low income families. In Arusha, many households sell eggs from free-ranging backyard chicken. In 2011, 159 eggs from different households in five different locations in Arusha were collected, homogenized, pooled into 28 composite samples and analyzed for a wide selection of POPs. Levels of POPs varied widely within and between the locations. The levels of dieldrin and σDDT ranged between 2 and 98,791 and 2 and 324 ng/g lipid weight (lw), respectively. EU MRLs of 0.02 mg/kg dieldrin for eggs were exceeded in 4/28 samples. PCBs, HCHs, chlordanes, toxaphenes and endosulfanes were found at lower frequency and levels. Brominated flame retardants (BFRs), e.g polybrominated diphenylethers (PBDEs), hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) and 1,2-bis(2,4,6-tribromphenoxy)ethane (BTBPE) were present in 100%, 60% and 46% of the composite samples, respectively. Octa-and deca-BDEs were the dominating PBDEs and BDE 209 levels ranged between |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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